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Gastrointestinal (LECTURE NOTES) > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Glucose is essential to metabolism in which 3 places

A

Brian
renal medulla
red cell metabolism

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2
Q

What is the main glucose regulatory hormone

A

Insulin

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3
Q

Where is glucose converted to glycogen

A

In the liver

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4
Q

A decrease in insulin secretion prompts what 3 things

A

glycogenolysis
glyoneogenesis
lipolysis

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5
Q

Where does glycogenolysis occur

A

in the liver

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6
Q

How do lipids enter the circulation

A

As chylomicrons

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7
Q

How much of hospital patients are undernourished

A

30%

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8
Q

What does MUST stand for

A

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

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9
Q

What does nutritional dupport refer to

A

The provision of nutrition above and beyond the normal diet and includes food fortification, oral nutritional supplementation, tube feeding and parenteral nutrition

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10
Q

What is the preferred method of feeding out of oral and enteral

A

Oral

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11
Q

What is the preferred method of feeding out of enteral and parenteral

A

Enteral

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12
Q

What 5 factors need consideration in deciding the replacement schedule

A 
Calorie requiredment
Nutrogen (protein) balance
Minerals and vitamins
Fluid and electrolytes
Fibre
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13
Q

Malabsorption of what causes gum hypertrophy, bleeding and poor wound healing

A

Vitamin C

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14
Q

How long is nasogastric feeding appropriate for

A

4 weeks

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15
Q

What effect do soluble fibres have

A

Prebiotic effect

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16
Q

What does less soluble fibre act as

A

A bulking agent, increasing stool output and frequency

17
Q

Patients with complete, irreversible intestinal failure require what type of feeding

A

Parenteral

18
Q

What are the 2 general types of complications for parenteral nutrition

A

Line-related

metabolic

19
Q

What are 3 early line-related complications

A

Local haematoma
Arterial puncture
pneumothroax

20
Q

What are 3 early line-related complications

A

Local haematoma
Arterial puncture
pneumothrthorax

21
Q

What is the main metabolic risk of parenteral feeding

A

Refeeding syndrome

22
Q

Patients receiving long term PN have an increased risk of what

A

Cholestasis
Metabolic bone disease
micronutrient deficiencies

23
Q

When is enteral tube feeding indicated

A

If supplemetns are insufficient to ensure an adequate intake and recovery
Where oral intake is unsafe and contraindicated

24
Q

What should a NG aspirate pH be

A

5 or less

25
Q

What should a NG aspirate pH be

A

5 or less

26
Q

During starvation, what does the body utilise to form glucose

A

Liver glycogen stores as well as gluconeogenesis

27
Q

What is gluconeogenesis

A

Glucose synthesis using breakdown products of lipid and protein

28
Q

What causes loss of lean body mass

A

Catabolism of adipose tissue and muscle

29
Q

What is the refeeding syndrome

A

A syndrome consisting of metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved or severely malnourished

30
Q

What 6 types of patients are at risk of the refeeding syndrome

A

Anorexia nervosa
chronic alcoholism
prolonged fasting
following duodenal switch operation for obesity
oncology patients receiving prolonged chemotherapy
postoperative patients

31
Q

What does intestinal failure result from

A

Loss of absorption due to obstruction, dysmotility, surgical resection, congenital defect or disease

32
Q

What is intestinal failure characterised by

A

Inability to maintain protein energy, fluid, electrolyte or micronutrient balance

33
Q

What is SBS

A

Intestinal failure resulting from the loss of small intestinal absorptive capacity for anatomical reasons

34
Q

What length of small bowel would a patient at risk of SBS have

A
35
Q

What is type 2 intestinal failure

A

In severely ill patients with major resections of the bowel and septic

Gastrointestinal (LECTURE NOTES) (29 decks)

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