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Gastrointestinal (LECTURE NOTES) > Acute Gastrointestinal bleeding > Flashcards

Acute Gastrointestinal bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

What is haematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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2
Q

When does haematemesis occur

A

When the bleeding source is proximal to the jejunum

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3
Q

What is melaena

A

Tarry stool

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4
Q

When does melaena occur

A

Usually when blood loss is proximal to the caecum

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5
Q

What are the 3 aims of management

A

Resuscitate the patient
Arrest the bleeding
Prevent or promptly recognise rebleeding

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6
Q

What are some causes of acute GI bleeding

A 
Peptic ulcer 
Gastric erosions 
Gastritis
Mallory-Weiss tear
Gastro-oeophageal varices 
Duodenitis
Oesophagitis
Tumours
Gastric antral vascular ectasia 
Dieulafoy lesions
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia 
Aortic enteric fistula 
Clotting defect
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7
Q

What should be given for a peptic ulcer

A

IV omeprazole or pantoprazole

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8
Q

What is a typical feature of a Mallory Weiss Tear

A

Bleeding is not seen in the initial vomit

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9
Q

Is acid suppression required for a Mallory-Weiss Tear

A

no

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10
Q

how is a Mallory-Weiss tear treated

A

90% heal spontaneously

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11
Q

What are gastric erosions usually related to

A

Combination of NSAIs
Alcohol
Stress

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12
Q

What is the treatment for a Gastric erosion

A

PPI for 2-4 weeks

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13
Q

How is an aorto-enteric fistula diagnosed

A

Abdominal CT

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14
Q

What is acute lower GI bleeding

A

Distinct from malaena in that blood loss is either red-brown or fresh and bright

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15
Q

What is acute lower GI bleeding

A

Distinct from malaena in that blood loss is either red-brown or fresh and bright

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16
Q

What are the causes of acute lower GI bleeding

A 
Almost invariably due to a  colonic or anal source of blood loss 
Haemorrhoids 
Anal fissure
colorectal polyps 
colorectal cancer 
UC 
Rectal prolapse 
diverticular disease
17
Q

What is the management for acute GI bleeding

A

Initial resuscitation
Initial investigation
Chec bloods for FBC, LFT, U&E clotting status
Cross mathcch blood if major or group and save blood
Prompt lower GI enedoscopy

18
Q

What are gastric erosions usually related to

A

Combination of NSAIDs
Alcohol
Stress

19
Q

What are the causes of acute lower GI bleeding

A 
Almost invariably due to a  colonic or anal source of blood loss 
Haemorrhoids 
Anal fissure
colorectal polyps 
colorectal cancer 
UC 
Rectal prolapse 
diverticular disease
20
Q

What is the management for acute GI bleeding

A

Initial resuscitation
Initial investigation
Check bloods for FBC, LFT, U&E clotting status
Cross match blood if major or group and save blood
Prompt lower GI endoscopy

Gastrointestinal (LECTURE NOTES) (29 decks)

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