Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of malnutrition
A
decreased appetite GI issues difficulty swallowing lack of knowledge finances impaired mobility other health problems
2
Q
Nutritional measures
A
IBW=ideal body weight
wt loss belowe IBW is linked with impaired immune function, weakness, infection, death
loss of >5% over 4 weeks is significant
3
Q
albumin
A
protein indicator with half life of 20 days reflects prolonged protein depletion increase slowly with good feeding normal= greater than 3.5 mild depletion= 2.8-3.4 moderate depletion=2.1-2.7 severe depletion=less than 2.1
4
Q
Prealbumin
A
protein indicator with half-life of 48 hours sensitive to acute protein deficiency responds quickly may be elevated with corticosteroids or renal dz normal=16-30 mg/dl mild depletion=10-15 moderate depletion= 5-9 severe depletion= less than 5
5
Q
Total Lymphocyte Count
A
used to fight infection TLC=wbc* % lymphocytes standard value=2500 mild depletion= under 1500 moderate depletion= under 1200 severe depletion=under 800
arginine is an essential amino acid that can help increase this
6
Q
Vitamins important for wound healing
A
vitamin c-500mg (more for smokers)
vitamin a-1600-2000 for immunocompromised
vitamin e: 400-800
vitamin k: watch if on coumadin
7
Q
Minerals important for wound healing
A
Ca: 800-1500 mg Mg 320-420 mg Fe: 8 mg/day Zinc: 60 mg (from beef, liver, crab, whole grains, milk, eggs, nuts) Copper: 1-3 mg Manganese: 5-11 mg
8
Q
Nutrition calculation
A
calories: 30-35kg
protein: 1.2-1.5kg
fluid : 30cckg (1 ozkg)
9
Q
Malnutrition
A
serum albumin 15%
one gm/dl loss of albumin=3x increase in risk for pressure ulcer
