Infection

Question 1

s/s of infection

Answer 1

induration
fever
erythema
edema
odor-even after irrigation
purulence
pain
friable tissue
change in color
increase glucose levels in pts with DM-diabetics may not be red, hot, swollen

Question 2

pseudomonas infection

Answer 2

serous/serosanguonus drainage
green or neon yellow
musty, sour, mildewy odor

common in moist areas-whirlpool or wound with drainage

treated with acetic acid (vinegar)

Question 3

Contamination

Answer 3

all wounds have non-replicating bacteria and does not impede healing

Question 4

Colinization

Answer 4

an increased number of bacteria replicating in wound without host reaction

does not impede healing.
lab values of 1+ or 2+

Question 5

Critical colinization

Answer 5

bacteria is multiplying in wound with local signs cause delayed healing

treat with irrigation, antibiotic dressings and debridement
lab values or 3+ or 4+

Question 6

Infection

Answer 6

10^4 or 10^5 organisms per gram of tissue causing systemic response

use systemic antibiotics

Question 7

Fungal infections

Answer 7

tinea (nail/foot): red, scaling patches with fissuring and itching

candida (yeast like): red papular skin rashes with burning, itching

increased risk: antibiotics, decreased immune system, moist or occluded areas

Question 8

Tests for infection

Answer 8

sed rate: >15
platelets 13,000

cultures: biopsy, needle aspiration, swab culture (not as accurate)(should be taken after cleansing from viable tissue)

Question 9

Levine Technique

Answer 9

cleanse wound
pat dry
moisten swab with saline
rotate swab over 1 cm viable tissue to express wound fluid

IDs colonization, resistances and sensitivities with 80% accuracy

Question 10

Biofilms

Answer 10

Structured community of bacteria cells enclosed in a self produced polymeric matrix and adhered to surface

found in 60% of chronic wounds, but only 6% of acute

Biofilm provides a protected environment for growth, requires sharps debridement

Question 11

Antimicrobial therapy

Answer 11

antimicrobial: destroys unicellular organisms

Bactericidal: results in bacterial death
bacteriostatic: inhibits bacterial growth

Question 12

MRSA

Answer 12

nosocomial
community-acquired
may cause: cellulits, osteomyelitis, or abscesses

Bactoban(mupirocin): effective antimicrobial

Question 13

VRE

Answer 13

surgical wounds and UTI

ampicillin-amoxicillin effective antimicrobial

Question 14

Betadine and h202

Answer 14

may be cytotoxic to good cells as well

use with highly infected with little viable tissue.