Nutrition 2

Question 1

What is a complex carbohydrate?

Answer 1

Large chains of sugar molecules to form starch or fiber

Question 2

What are disaccharides?

Answer 2

Sugar that is formed of two monosaccharides; glucose is in all disaccharides

Question 3

What are sources of fiber?

Answer 3

Whole veggies, grains, nuts, beans

Only comes in plants

Question 4

What are the recommended percentages for daily carbohydrate intake?

Answer 4

45-65%

Question 5

What are the recommendations for fiber intake in grams for women and men?

Answer 5

Women: 25 grams, Men: 38 grams

Question 6

What foods have cholesterol-lowering effects?

Answer 6

Fruit and veg, whole grains, avocado, seeds, nuts, oatmeal, barley

Question 7

Where does digestion of starch begin?

Answer 7

Mouth

Question 8

What are the legislation requirements for refined grain products?

Answer 8

They must be enriched/contain certain nutrients

Does not require potassium BUT does require riboflavin, iron, folate

Question 9

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 9

Can’t have foods containing lactose

Question 10

What is ketone body production?

Answer 10

Produced when it breaks down fat for energy; breakdown fat when carb not available

Question 11

What is the DRI for carbohydrate for average sized adults?

Answer 11

45%-65% of total calories (130g approx)

Question 12

Why is carbohydrate essential for providing energy?

Answer 12

Body breaks it into glucose (primary energy source)

Question 13

What is lecithin and where is it manufactured?

Answer 13

Liver major cell membrane constituent

Question 14

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 14

A, D, E, K

Question 15

What are sterols?

Answer 15

Group of lipids

Question 16

What is satiety?

Answer 16

Feeling of fullness

Question 17

How do fatty acids differ?

Answer 17

Chain length and number of bonds, degree of saturation

Question 18

What are the components of triglycerides?

Answer 18

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules

Question 19

What is saturation of fatty acids?

Answer 19

Presence or absence of double bonds in fatty acid chain

Question 20

What is bile?

Answer 20

Breaks down fat and carries waste out of the body; produced in the gallbladder

Question 21

What is the DRI recommendation for fat intake?

Answer 21

20-35% of total calories; trans fats as low as possible

Question 22

How do blood lipids affect heart disease risk?

Answer 22

Certain lipids increase heart risk; LDL negative, HDL positive

Question 23

What are essential fatty acids?

Answer 23

Polyunsaturated fatty acids that the human body cannot synthesize and must obtain from the diet

Question 24

What are dietary sources of EPA and DHA?

Answer 24

Oily fish, seaweed, algae, soybeans, and other foods

Question 25

What are examples of Omega-6 fatty acids?

Answer 25

Linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA)

Question 26

How can oxidation in cooking oils be prevented?

Answer 26

Storing it in a cool, dark place, away from heat, and in an airtight container

Question 27

What is the major form of lipids in the body?

Answer 27

Triglycerides

Question 28

What are chylomicrons?

Answer 28

Transport dietary fat and cholesterol from small intestine to bloodstream

Question 29

What are strategies to increase HDL cholesterol?

Answer 29

Daily exercise and fiber-rich diet

Question 30

What are examples of healthful fatty acids?

Answer 30

Nuts, oils, eggs, avocado

Question 31

What is the amine group?

Answer 31

Make up proteins; nitrogen-containing portion of amino acids

Question 32

What is a side chain?

Answer 32

Identity and structure of chemical structure of amino acid is determined by side chain

Question 33

What are enzymes?

Answer 33

Help digest nutrients; are protein catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions

Question 34

What are genes?

Answer 34

DNA passed down

Question 35

What is a conditionally essential amino acid?

Answer 35

Amino acids body can’t produce on its own; must be supplied when need exceeds body's means to produce it

Question 36

What is urea?

Answer 36

Compound that plays a role in protein metabolism and excretion

Question 37

What is the quality of protein?

Answer 37

How well a protein is digested and how much of it is made up of essential amino acids

Question 38

What is collagen?

Answer 38

Main protein found in skin

Question 39

What are strategies to help regain muscle mass?

Answer 39

Protein, exercise, and sleep

Question 40

How does digestion and absorption of protein occur?

Answer 40

Begins in stomach and continues through small intestine

Question 41

What are the functions of protein?

Answer 41

Structural support

Question 42

What happens to excess protein?

Answer 42

Stored as fat

Question 43

What are buffers?

Answer 43

Can neutralize acid