Nutrition

Question 1

Nutrients children need

Answer 1

Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Fluoride

Question 2

Iron

Answer 2

born with 6 mos supply.
Sxs: irritability, anorexia, weight gain.
Risk factors: low birthweight, low SES, feeding with cow milk or non-iron fortified formula or cereal

Question 3

Infant weight

Answer 3

doubles after 6 months after birth

Question 4

Nutritional source

Answer 4

human milk or iron fortified formula during first 4-6 mons

Question 5

Fluids

Answer 5

100 mL/kg/day ages 0-6 mos

No water supplementation until solid foods

Question 6

Energy requirements

glucose metabolism

Answer 6

80-110 kcal/kg/day (4X adult)
peak during 1st 2 months
intake of 150 ml/kg/day breastmilk will meet requirements

Question 7

Folate

found in breastmilk

Answer 7

Deficiency: paleness, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, breathlessness, rapid and weak
pulse, palpitations, headaches, irritability, loss of appetite, diarrhea, sore tongue;
megaloblastic anemia.

Question 8

Vitamin B12

born with full supply

Answer 8

Deficiency: neurological abnormalities (peripheral neuropathy; numbness/tingling of
hands & feet).
Risk: vegan mothers; poor maternal diet (insufficient meat, milk or eggs [good
source of B12]).

Question 9

Vitamin D

Answer 9

decreased blood calcium and phosphorous; rickets

Question 10

Vitamin K

Answer 10

bleeding, bruising, weakening bones

Question 11

Fluoride

Answer 11

supplement after 6 mos if nonfluoridated water.
excess: mottled teeth
risk> 2ppm

Question 12

Conditionally Essential Nutrients

Answer 12

Carnitine: facilitates FA transport
Taurine: promote neurological and retinal development
cystein, tyrosine: low birthweight
DHA, Choline, certain FA

Question 13

weight of newborn

Answer 13

30 grams/day

might lose 10% first few days

Question 14

Length

Answer 14

sensitive measure of protein-energy malnutrition

Question 15

Head circumference

Answer 15

protein-energy malnutrition

Question 16

Breast Feeding CI

Answer 16

HIV+ status (viral
transmission in milk); 
active TB; 
human Tlymphocyte
virus (HTLV); 
herpes of the nipple;
active drug/alcohol abuse

Question 17

Breast Feeding Benefits

Answer 17

optimal nutrition, reduce incidence/severity of GI
Protect against food allergies & eczema
improve mental, cognitive, visual development
Benefits of bonding, reduced postpartum bleeding

Question 18

Human Milk

Answer 18

Lactose
Fat (Primarily TG)
Protein (casein, whey, lactoferring, secretroy IgA, alpha lactalbumin), Enzymes (lipase), AA (taurine) Binding proteins (albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, vitamin-binding proteins)
Lipids (DHA)
Minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, Mg)
water

Question 19

Placenta

Answer 19

12 weeks onward; nutrients to fetus via umbilical vein source of hormones

Question 20

weight gain Underweigh

Answer 20

28-40 lbs

Question 21

weight gain normal

Answer 21

25-35 lbs

Question 22

weight gain overweight

Answer 22

15-25 lbs

Question 23

weight gain obese

Answer 23

11- 20 lbs