Nutrition Flashcards
Nutrients children need
Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Fluoride
Iron
born with 6 mos supply.
Sxs: irritability, anorexia, weight gain.
Risk factors: low birthweight, low SES, feeding with cow milk or non-iron fortified formula or cereal
Infant weight
doubles after 6 months after birth
Nutritional source
human milk or iron fortified formula during first 4-6 mons
Fluids
100 mL/kg/day ages 0-6 mos
No water supplementation until solid foods
Energy requirements
glucose metabolism
80-110 kcal/kg/day (4X adult)
peak during 1st 2 months
intake of 150 ml/kg/day breastmilk will meet requirements
Folate
found in breastmilk
Deficiency: paleness, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, breathlessness, rapid and weak
pulse, palpitations, headaches, irritability, loss of appetite, diarrhea, sore tongue;
megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin B12
born with full supply
Deficiency: neurological abnormalities (peripheral neuropathy; numbness/tingling of
hands & feet).
Risk: vegan mothers; poor maternal diet (insufficient meat, milk or eggs [good
source of B12]).
Vitamin D
decreased blood calcium and phosphorous; rickets
Vitamin K
bleeding, bruising, weakening bones
Fluoride
supplement after 6 mos if nonfluoridated water.
excess: mottled teeth
risk> 2ppm
Conditionally Essential Nutrients
Carnitine: facilitates FA transport
Taurine: promote neurological and retinal development
cystein, tyrosine: low birthweight
DHA, Choline, certain FA
weight of newborn
30 grams/day
might lose 10% first few days
Length
sensitive measure of protein-energy malnutrition
Head circumference
protein-energy malnutrition
Breast Feeding CI
HIV+ status (viral transmission in milk); active TB; human Tlymphocyte virus (HTLV); herpes of the nipple; active drug/alcohol abuse
Breast Feeding Benefits
optimal nutrition, reduce incidence/severity of GI
Protect against food allergies & eczema
improve mental, cognitive, visual development
Benefits of bonding, reduced postpartum bleeding
Human Milk
Lactose
Fat (Primarily TG)
Protein (casein, whey, lactoferring, secretroy IgA, alpha lactalbumin), Enzymes (lipase), AA (taurine) Binding proteins (albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, vitamin-binding proteins)
Lipids (DHA)
Minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, Mg)
water
Placenta
12 weeks onward; nutrients to fetus via umbilical vein source of hormones
weight gain Underweigh
28-40 lbs
weight gain normal
25-35 lbs
weight gain overweight
15-25 lbs
weight gain obese
11- 20 lbs
