Nutrition Flashcards
what is a balanced diet?
maintaining metabolic equilibrium providing key nutrients and energy
what are some factors of excessive consumption of carbohydrates?
- obesity
- irregular bowel movements (diarrhoea)
what are some factors of excessive consumption of protein?
- may speed growth
- may be detrimental to the health of older animals
what are some factors of excessive consumption of fat?
- obesity
- pansteatitis
- hepatic dysfunction
what are some factors of inadequate consumption of carbohydrates?
- protein will be used for energy and therefore wont be used for tissue repair and growth
- lack of energy
- irregular bowel movements (constipation)
what are some factors of inadequate consumption of protein?
- poor growth or weight loss
- dull hair coat
- muscle atrophy
- anaemia
- increased susceptibility of disease
what are some factors of inadequate consumption of fat?
- fatty acid deficiency
- lack of energy
- poor growth
- poor skin condition
what is vitamin B?
- includes thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, folic acid and cobalamin
- water soluble
- important for energy production and nervous system function
what is vitamin c?
- dogs and cats synthesis vitamin c in the liver
- absorbed by passive diffusion
- antioxidant
- plays a part in the immune system and drug metabolism
what is vitamin d?
- essential for calcium/phosphorus ratio
- helps to protect against the loss of these from bones
- deficiency of this is poor bone mineralisation
- excessive amounts show hypercalcaemia and renal failure
what is vitamin e?
- fat soluble
- only produced in plants
- absorption enhanced by the simultaneous absorption of fat
- antioxidant
- deficiency of this shows degenerative skeletal muscle disease
- excessive amounts could impair the absorption of other fat soluble vitamins with associated issue
what is a resting energy requirement?
energy required to maintain homeostasis while animal is resting
what is the RER calculation for all animals?
70 x (BW)0.75
what is MER?
- maintenance energy requirement
- energy needed for moderate activity in thermoneutral environment
How many kcal per 100g bodyweight daily do kittens and puppies need (pre-weaning)?
13-18 kcal
what RER should puppies be on in the juvenile period?
3 X RER under 4 months and then 2 x RER until adult weight
what RER should kittens be on in the juvenile period?
2.5 x RER until adult weight
what is the RER requirements for an entire dog?
1.8 x RER
what is the RER requirements for a neutered dog?
1.6 x RER
what is the RER requirements for an entire cat?
1.4-1.6 x RER
what is the RER requirements for an neutered cat?
1.2-1.4 x RER
what should the RER be for a pregnant bitch in her last third?
3 x RER
what is cachexia?
muscle wastage due to disease
what is glucosamine?
- nutrient recommended for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis problems in large sized dogs, dogs active in sports or ageing cats and dogs
what is one of the main substances involved in the elaboration of joint cartilage?
glucosamine
what is chondroitin?
- works in synergy with glucosamine and helps prevent and treat osteoarthritis problems
what is an essential ingredient in cartilage?
chondroitin
what is the main action of chondroitin?
inhibiting the effect of the enzymes that cause the permanent destruction of cartilage
what are fatty acids?
- omega 6 and omega 3
- cannot be produced so must be supplemented
what is SAMe s-adenosylmethionine?
- bioactive form of methionine which is an essential amino acid nutrient that is found abundantly in foods
what are SAMe used for?
- used in the body for brain, heart, hormone, antioxidant, detoxifying and other metabolic functions
what is coenzyme Q10?
- essential component of the mitochondria in cells
- supplemental therapy for heart and neurological conditions
- functions as an antioxidant
what is a probiotic?
- living microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host
what is a prebiotic?
- non-digestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth and activities of specific bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and exert beneficial effects on the host
what is an antioxidant?
Any compound, whether vitamin, mineral, nutraceutical or herb that protects against cellular damage from reactive oxygen species, including free radicals, single oxygen atoms and hydrogen peroxide.
