Nutrition

Question 1

Micronutrients

Answer 1

vital to life in varying amounts

needed by a healthy, functional human body

Question 2

macromolecules

Answer 2

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 3

6 Vital Nutrients

Answer 3

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Water
5. Vitamins
6. Minerals

Question 4

digestion of micro and macro nutrients

Answer 4

macronutrients: must be digested

micronutrients: do not need to be digested get absorbed directly into bloodstream

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

Converted to glucose for energy

Main energy source for the body and brain

Provide short-term and long-term energy storage

Question 6

2 Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 6

1. release quick energy to be used be calls
2. Provide material to build cells

Question 7

Complex Carbohydrates (polysaccharides)

Answer 7

made up of many sugar molecules

need to be digested and broken down into simple sugars

Question 8

Starches

Answer 8

come from plants

can be broken down as a source of energy by plant or animal cells

Question 9

Cellulose (fiber)

Answer 9

Does not get digested into body

technically not a nutrient because it is not digested

makes up the cell wall that is the tough, outer covering of plant cells

helps to keep our bowel movements regular

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

energy that is made and stored in animals

Question 11

Simple Carbohydrates (monosaccharides)

Answer 11

made up of one sugar molecule

able to be absorbed in the small intestine

Question 12

Glucose

Answer 12

main source of energy for the body

can be used immediately or stored in the body as glycogen

Extra glucose is converted to fat
fat gets stored in adipose tissues

Question 13

protein

Answer 13

large, complex molecules

every body structure needs protein to survive

Question 14

Amino Acids

Answer 14

Building blocks of protein, containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Question 15

6 Functions of Proteins:

Answer 15

1. build, strengthen and repair
2. create antibodies for immune system
3. make barmanes
4. create enzymes - Speed up chemical RN in cells
5. allow for muscle contractions
6. carries and stores items in the body

Question 16

complete Protein Sources

Answer 16

food that provides all 20 amino acids

Question 17

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 17

Body is unable to produce these

need to get these from the food that we eat

8 in total

Question 18

lipids

Answer 18

Non-polar molecules like fats, oils, and cholesterol, composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and insoluble in water

Essential for the body, storing energy and providing half of the fuel needed for bodily functions

Excess calories are stored as fat

Question 19

Phospholipid

Answer 19

an example of a lipid

found in the membrane of every cell in our bodies

Question 20

4 Functions of Lipids:

Answer 20

1. insulation & protection - layer of fat under skin and around organs
2. digestion & absorption bile is created from fat
3. helps build cell wall structures
4. Creates hormones

Question 21

what do lipids consist of

Answer 21

molecules called glycerol which are bonded to molecules called fatty acids

Question 22

Fatty Acids

Answer 22

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

2 types: saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids

Question 23

Saturated Fats

Answer 23

usually come from animal sources

tend to be solid at room temperature

Question 24

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 24

usually liquid at room temperature

often considered to be “healthier” dietary fats

come from plant sources

Question 25

Cholesterol

Answer 25

not a fat

waxy, fat-like substance

Question 26

HDL Cholesterol

Answer 26

“good cholesterol”

high density lipoprotein

picks up extra cholesterol in the body - takes it to the liver to be broken down

Question 27

LDL Cholesterol

Answer 27

“bad cholesterol”

low density lipoprotein

carries cholesterol through the body once it is used up, the extra LDL will remain in the blood

can cause blood clots

Question 28

Hydrolysis

Answer 28

Chemical breakdown of macronutrients

enzymes increase the rate and efficiency of this