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Biology 30s > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

internal stability of the body

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2
Q

How does the digestive system aid in homeostasis

A

digestive system provides energy

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3
Q

How does the digestive system rely on other systems

A

needs blood and O2 to function

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4
Q

Autotrophs

A

make energy by making their own food using sunshine

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5
Q

Heterotrophs

A

consume other organisms to obtain energy

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6
Q

4 feeding mechanisms

A

1) filter feeding
2) substrate feeding
3) fluid feeding
4) bulk feeding

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7
Q

filter feeding

A

use structure similar to a filter basket to gather food suspended in water

ex: sponges, tube worms, clams, barnacles

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8
Q

Substrate feeding

A

live in their food source and eat through it

ex: caterpillars, earthworms

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9
Q

Fluid feeding

A

suck or lick nutrient rich fluid from plants or animals

ex: mosquitoes, ticks, spiders, bees

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10
Q

bulk feeding

A

ingest large pieces of food

ex: humans and all other mammals

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11
Q

what type of organisms have longer digestive tracts

A

Herbivores and omnivores have longer tracts than carnivores

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12
Q

main function of the digestive system

A

break down foods into their molecules so they can be used by the body

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13
Q

why is food broken down into soluble units

A

so they can pass through the plasma membranes of each cell

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14
Q

how are broken down substances transported through the body

A

circulatory system

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15
Q

4 phases for the digestive system to function

A

Ingestion → Digestion → absorbtion → Egestion

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16
Q

Ingestion

A

Bringing Nutrients into the body
usually happens in the mouth

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17
Q

Digestion

A

Breaks down food into smaller pieces

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18
Q

2 types of digestion

A

mechanical and chemical

19
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physically break down food

decreases surface area

20
Q

chemical digestion

A

Enzymes break down food to a molecular level

chemical bonds in food particles are separated

21
Q

Absorption

A

nutrients are absorbed mainly in the small intestine

moved to circulatory system to be distributed to the rest of the body

22
Q

Egestion (elimination)

A

Food molecules are removed from body

it is usually the food that the body is unable to digest

23
Q

Alimentary Canal (digestive tract)

A

long, open tube (usually one-way)

24
Q

How is the alimentary canal organized

A

specialized regions, with different organs along the tube processing food in different ways.

25
Q

what is the alimentary canal lined with

A

mucus lining to protect canal and move food more easily along

26
Q

what do parts of the alimentary canal produce

A

digestive enzymes to help break down food.

27
Q

mouth

A

1st point of contact with food

performs chemical and mechanical digestion

28
Q

what parts is the mouth divided into

A

roof of the mouth is made up of a hard palate and a soft palate

separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

29
Q

hard palate

A

anterior (front)

mainly made up of bones

30
Q

soft palate

A

posterior (back)
muscular

31
Q

What does saliva contain

A

mucus, digestive enzymes (like salivary amylase), and other chemicals`

32
Q

what does salivary amylase do

A

begins the chemical digestion of food by breaking down starches

33
Q

Teeth

A

Perform mechanical digestion by physically breaking food

bite, tear and grind food into smaller pieces

34
Q

Tongue

A

Mixes chewed up food with saliva

35
Q

what is the tongue made out of

A

skeletal muscles which help to push food down into the esophagus
taste buds are located here

36
Q

when do taste buds activate

A

once food is present, taste buds will be activated

sight or smell of food can trigger the salivary glands to produce saliva

37
Q

Tonsils

A

help body fight infections

located at the back of the mouth on both sides of the tongue

38
Q

what other system are tonsils a part of

A

lymphatic system

may need to be removed if they become infected

39
Q

Bolus

A

name of food once they’ve been digested in the mouth

40
Q

Uvula

A

finger like shape at end of soft palate

41
Q

pharynx

A

upper portion of the throat

gets air from nasal cavity & food from mouth

42
Q

Epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage

when food is present it seals off airway to prevent from entering (usually covers the esophagus)

43
Q

Swallowing

A

occurs in the pharynx

can start by choice when it begins it turns involuntary

44
Q

what happens to bolus during swallowing

A

gets moved to the back of the mouth by the tongue

once the bolus reaches the pharynx, it triggers the swallowing response

moves down the esophagus by peristalsis

Biology 30s (7 decks)

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