Nutrition

Question 1

What percentage of body weight does hydration count for?

Answer 1

60% (slightly higher in infants)

Question 2

What can cause dehydration?

Answer 2

• poor intake of liquid
• excessive loss of liquid

Question 3

What factors can cause loss of fluid?

Answer 3

• urine/faeces output
• sweating
• blood loss

Question 4

What can cause a fluid overload?

Answer 4

• excessive intake
• impaired output

Question 5

Measurable outcomes of nutrition/hydration

Answer 5

• things you can observe - size proportions, age gender
• Weight loss/gain
• Waste calf and upper arm circumference
• Skin tone e.g. XS skin
• Vital signs BP pulse
• skin turgor
• Skin integrity dry moist
• Urine output/bowel motions

Question 6

Signs of dehydration

Answer 6

• dry mucus membranes (not shiny)
• Urine volume and concentration (colour)
• Sunken eyes
• Furrow and dry tongue
• decreased skin turgor
• fever
• lethargy and irritability

Question 7

Factors impacting nutritional status

Answer 7

• ability to purchase ingredients and prepare meals
• Ability to consume food
• Ability to digest food

Question 8

Assessment of hydration status (dehydration)

Answer 8

• renal output (low/no urine output)
• Neurological assessment (fatigue, headache, dizziness, altered level of consciousness)
• Circulation (sunken eyes decreased skin turgor)
• Heat exposure (excessive sweating/stopped sweating)

Question 9

Assessment of hydration status (overload)

Answer 9

• renal output (high urine output)
• Circulation (Adema)
• Respiratory system
  Increase in vitals

Question 10

What are the three types of diabetes?

Answer 10

• Insulin dependent diabetes (t1)
• non-insulin dependent diabetes (t2)
• Gestational diabetes

Question 11

Symptoms of hypoglycaemia

Answer 11

• shaking trembling or weakness
• Sweating pale
• Lightheadedness dizzy
• Hunger
• Pins and needles around mouth
• Mood change
• Confusion slur speech altered behaviour loss of consciousness

Question 12

When does a person become hypoglycaemic?

Answer 12

At less than 4 mmol

Question 13

How to treat hypoglycaemia

Answer 13

15 g of fast acting carbohydrates
Wait 15 minutes then check BGL
Is still low give snack or meal with longer acting carbohydrate

Question 14

Symptoms of hyperglycaemia

Answer 14

• Extreme thirst/drinking
• Frequent urination
• Feeling tired
• Blurred vision
• Infection
• Weight loss

Question 15

How to treat hyperglycaemia

Answer 15

• May require altered insulin dose
• treat Underline cause ( infection stress poor diet poor medication adherence)
• Retest BGL frequently
• Keep hydrated

Question 16

Outcomes of poorly control diabetes

Answer 16

• blindness
• Kidney failure
• Lower limb amputation
• Heart attack
• stroke
  -Impotence

Question 17

How to control diabetes

Answer 17

• diet and exercise
• Monitoring of glucose levels
• Correct use of medication

Question 18

Signs of Fluid Overload

Answer 18

• oedema
• weight gain
• shortness of breath
• moistness if cough and breathing
• bounding pulses
• increased bp
• increased jvp
• low urine
• restlessness and lethargy