Medications Flashcards
Routes of Administration (oral/topical)
- per oral
- sub lingual
- buccal
- nebuliser
- per eye/ear
- per rectum
- per vagina
- topical
Sub lingual meaning
Under tounge
Routes of administration (parenteral)
- sub cutaneous
- intramuscular
- intravenous
- intradermal
- intraosseous
Advantages of Oral Administration
- common, inexpensive and convenient for most
- safer, non invasive, decreased chance of OD, increased time to reverse
Disadvantages of Oral Administration
- unpleasant taste (difficult for children), size of tablets, irritate bowels and stomach
- difficult to swallow
Advantages of Subling or Buccal Administration
- rapid onset
- easy to administer especially if pt can’t swallow
Factors of Topical Administration
- slower absorption
- aims to restrict drug to particular sites BUT can have systemic effects
- action can be unpredictable - dependent on rate of absorption and circulation
Factors of Instillation Administration
- application into a body cavity (e.g. ear, eye, rectum, vagina)
- often rapidly absorbed
- advantages in poorly perfused areas
- Specific targeted organ
- alternate route if no oral access
Factors of Inhalation Administration
- nebulised or aerosol
- small particle size drug
- rapid access to respiratory system
- rapid absorption
What is Schedule 2
Pharmacy Medicine
What is Schedule 3
Pharmacist only medicine
What is Schedule 4
Prescription only medicine
What is Schedule 5
Caution
What is Schedule 6?
Poison
What is Schedule 7
Dangerous poison
What is Scheudle 8
Controlled drugs
What is Schedule 9
Prohibited substances
Schedule 3
- can be purchased from a pharmacy without prescription
- e.g. ventolin
Schedule 4
- prescription required from heath professional
- e.g. antibiotics
Schedule 5
- low potential for causing harm
- Harm can be reduced by appropriate packaging with warnings and safety directions on label
- E G. Methylated spirits in bottles containing less than 5 L.
Schedule six
- moderate potential for causing harm
- Harm can be reduced by distinctive packaging with strong warnings and safety on label
- E.g. mothballs
Schedule seven
- High potential for causing harm at low exposure
- require special precautions during manufacture handling or use
- Available only to specialised or authorised uses with necessary skills to handle them safely
- Special regulations restricting availability, possession storage or use may apply
- EGEG herbicide
Schedule eight
- have a high potential for abuse and addiction
- Possession without authority is an offence
- Restricted use to reduce risk of abuse addiction and dependence
E.g. morphine methadone fentanyl pethidine
Schedule eight requirements of storage
- must be stored in a secure cabinet
- Must be locked immediately after use
- Key can only be held by RN or medical practitioner
- En cannot hold the key
- Entries must be put into DD book after administration
Schedule nine
- May be abused missused
- The manufacturer possession sale or use is prohibited by law (except for medical/scientific research or teaching purposes for approval by government)
- E. Heroine cocaine cannabis.
- Medical cannabis can be used for things such as cancer pain
Scheduled 2
- can be sold in retail stores, but they must carry a license
- These drugs are things such as simple analgesics
- Must be in small doses
- E.g. paracetamol
What are the 7 rights of medication administration
Right patient
Right route
Right drug
Right amount
Right time
Right documentation
Right to refuse
