Elimination Flashcards
What is elimination
Indigestible materials and waste products are excreted from the body
How mls of urine is held until the desire to void occurs
250-300
Factors impacting bladder elimination
- age
- mobility
- neurocognitive function
- medications
- acute and chronic illness; trauma
- faecal impaction
- volume and type of fluid intake
- availability and condition of facilities
- weight
Dysuria def
Painful or difficult urination
Polyuria
Abnormally large volume of urine produced
Oliguria
Abnormally small volume of urine produced
Retention
Inability to pass urine
Hematuria
Blood stained urine
Dribbling
Leaking of urine from urethra after urinating
What bacteria causes utis
E. coli
Acute cystitis
Inflammation of bladder
Pyelonephritis
Infectio of renal pelvis
Risk factors for uti
- gender
- age
- sexual activity
- menopause
- hygiene practices
- anatomical abnormalities
- obstruction causing residual
- catheter use
Signs of UTI
- pain
- dysuria
- frequency
- urgency
- foul smelling cloudy
- fever
- blood, nitrates, leukocytes, proteins
- acute confusion (delirium) in elderly
How is the decision to void impacted
- opportunity
- privacy
- availability of toilet
After how many mls does it become difficult to control the bladder?
> 500
How long are children generally incontinent
1-2 years
How can u measure fluid balance?
- daily weights
- input and output
- obs
Factors Effecting Bowel Pattern
- age
- food/fluid intake
- exercise
- meds
- opportunity
- consistency in life style
- emotions
- disease state
- psychological factors
- race/culture
What should you inspect in faeces?
- colour
- odur
- Consistency
- Frequency
- Amount
- Shape
- Constitutions
How can you maintain normal bowel functions?
- diet
- Review of medications
- Adequate privacy
- Dignity
- Safety
- Position
Organic causes of constipation
- obstruction
- Spinal cord surgery
- stroke
- Parkinson’s disease
- Hypothyroidism
- Diabetes
- Neurogenic disease
Non-organic causes of constipation
- dietary factors
- Physical inactivity
- Social economic level
- Psychological factors
- Medication
- Age
- Gender
What types of ostomy are there?
- colonostomy
- ileostomy
- urostomy
What is a colonostomy
Opening on to the abdominal surface from the large bowel (colon)
Reasons for a colostomy
- cancer
- diverticular disease
Diet for colostomy
No restrictions
What is an ileostomy
Opening to the abdominal surface from the small bowel
Reason for an ileostomy
Cancer
Crohns disease
Ulcerative colitis
Ileostomy diet
- caution with fibre
- additional salt intake e
- plenty of fluids
What is a uristomy
Made from a deferment of the bowel through which the ureters are diverted
Reason for urostomy
Bladder cancer or other cancer that’s has spread to bladder
Diet for urostomy
No
Cranberry juice and vitamin c reduces mucus production and uti
When should a stoma bag be changed
-1/3 to 1/2 full
- if leaking
