Nutrition

Question 1

What is the enzyme that is responsible for GB contraction an secretion of pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 1

Cholecystokinin

Question 2

Where is cholesterol synthesized? Where is it excreted?

Answer 2

Liver
Excreted in biliary system

Question 3

Describe the process of lipid metabolism from the GIT –>lymph

Answer 3

Most digestion happens in SI –> lichithin and bile acids emulsify lipids via the pancreatic lipase enzyme –> products (FFA, monoglycerides, cholesterol, glycerol) are made into micelles –> diffuse through apical brush border –> re-esterified and packaged with apoproteins to create chylomicrons –> carried in lymph

Question 4

What is the job of cholesterol?

Answer 4

Necessary for plasma membrane, bile acids, steroid, vitamin D synthesis

Question 5

What are the forms of cholesterol?

Answer 5

Free (active) and esterified (storage pool)

Question 6

What is the storage molecule of fatty acids?

Answer 6

Triglycerides

Question 7

What are the fates for fatty acid metabolism?

Answer 7

-Formation of trig for storage
-Formation of trig for transport to other sites (ex - liver)
-Beta oxidation and ketone body formation for energy use

Question 8

What are the major lipoproteins? What is the major component in each?

Answer 8

1. Chylomicron - mainly trig
2. Very low density lipoprotein
3. Low density lipoprotein - mainly cholesterol
4. High density lipoprotein - high in protein

Question 9

What lipoproteins are involved in triglyceride metabolism? What’s the major difference between these two?

Answer 9

-Chylomicrons - comes from intestines (meal) –> tissues
-VLDL - produced in liver —> tissues

Question 10

What lipoproteins are involved in cholesterol metabolism?

Answer 10

LDL and HDL

Question 11

What’s the MOA of niacin? SE?

Answer 11

Decrease FA release from adipocytes and reduce production of VLDL
SE: V,D, erythema, pruritus, abnormal liver function tests

Question 12

What’s the MOA and SE of fibric acid derivatives (clofibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, ciprofibrate, fenofibrate)?

Answer 12

MOA: peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha
SE: abd pain, V,D, abnroaml liver function tests

Question 13

What’s the MOA and SE of statins?

Answer 13

MOA: hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor
- primarily suppress chol metabolism
SE: lethargy, D, muscle pain, hepatotoxicity

Question 14

What spurious lab results can be reported w/lipemia?
Which ones increase, which ones decrease

Answer 14

Increases:
-tbil
-TP
-Alb
-Glob
-Glu
-Ca
-Phos
-BA

Decreased:
-amylase
-lipase
-ALT, AST, ALP

Question 15

What lipoprotein increase with primary triglyceride defect? Breeds predisposed?

Answer 15

Mainly trig increased
Lipoprotein: VLDL, chylomicrons

Mini schnauzer, Brittany Spaniels

Question 16

What’s the function of a chylomicron?

Answer 16

Mainly triglyceride transnport

Question 17

What are the major apolipoproteins associated with chylomicron?

Answer 17

B + C

Question 18

What are the major apolipoproteins associated with VLDL?

Answer 18

B,C,E

Question 19

What’s the function of a VLDL?

Answer 19

endogenous triglyceride transport, mostly to store in adipocytes

Question 20

What’s the function of a LDL?

Answer 20

Cholesterole sters and phospholipids –> steroid hormone synthesis, cell membranes

Question 21

What’s the function of a HDL?

Answer 21

Donors and. acceptors of apocalyptic, poE, reverse cholesterol transport

Question 22

What are the major apolipoproteins associated with LDL?

Answer 22

B

Question 23

What are the major apolipoproteins associated with HDL?

Answer 23

A,C,E