Gastrointestinal

Question 1

What would you see in histopath of lymphoplasmacytic enteritis

Answer 1

Dominated by lymphocyte infiltration in LAMINA PROPIA

Question 2

Dysrefulations in what kinases have been describes in cats with LAGITL?

Answer 2

Jak-signal transducer and STAT (transcription pathway- especially STAT5)

Question 3

What’s the most common location for cats affected by LAGITL?

Answer 3

Jejunum>ileum>duodenum>stomach>colon

Question 4

Where’s the most common location for cats w/large cell lymphoma in the gut?

Answer 4

Stomamch

Question 5

What diseases occur concurrently with chronic enteropathies?

Answer 5

Pancreatitis and chronic cholangitis

Question 6

Which vitamin binds to the intrinsic factor?

Answer 6

Cobalamin

Question 7

Where does intrinsic factor originate from in cats?

Answer 7

ONLY from pancreatic secretions

Question 8

What’s the hallmark of LGITL on histopath? Lesions are present where?

Answer 8

Mature, small lymphocytes
LAMINA PROPIA

Question 9

What stain is used in histopath of cats with LGITL>

Answer 9

H&E

Question 10

What are the common antibodies for cellular phenotyping during IHC of cats with LGITL? What do they detect?

Answer 10

CD3- T-lymphocytes
CD20, CD79a, B-lymphocytes, Pax5- B-lymphocytes
MAC387- Macrophage marker antibody
Granzyme B, CD56- NK cells
Ki67- nuclear protein that has max expression in M-phase, absent after mitosis is done

Question 11

What marker do most small intestinal lymphomas in cats have?

Answer 11

CD3+

Question 12

What portion of the SI if most affected in cats w/CE?

Answer 12

Jejunum

Question 13

Layers of GIT

Answer 13

Four layers (inside out)
1. Mucosa (faces lumen)
-Epithelial cells
-Basement membrane
-Lamina propia
-CONNECTIVE TISSUE

2. Submucosa is the layer of strength - “holding layer”- submucosa (layer that keeps everything together, strongest layer)
   -Collagen, elastin, glands
3. Muscularis
   - Circular and longitudinal smooth muscle
   -Inner obliques (specific to stomach)
   -Order: circular muscle, MYENTERIC PLEXUS, longitudinal muscle
4. Serosa (mesothilium)

Can easily separate the muscularis and submucosa layers (can physically feel the differences)

Question 14

What’s the difference between nerve and GI action potential?

Answer 14

Nerve AP (depolarization) - caused by entry of Na+ ions
GI AP (depolarization) - caused by entry of Ca++ ions

Question 15

What cells do the slow waves come from?

Answer 15

Interstitial cells of Cajal
Within the myenteric plexus (muscularis)
Pacemaker of GI smooth muscle
Slow waves are NOT influenced by GI hormones

Question 16

What are the main suppliers for parasympathetic innervation to the gut?

Answer 16

Vagus nerve (CNX)
-upper GI: striated muscle of upper 1/3 esophagus, stomach, SI
-ascending colon, portion of transverse colon
-75% AFFERENT fibers (from the periphery to CNS), 25% EFFERENT fibers

Pelvic nerve
-Walls of transverse, descending colon

Question 17

Describe pregangionic fibers of PNS

Answer 17

LONG
Syanpse in ganglia in or near target organs