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ACVIM General - Imp stuff > Cardio Consensus > Flashcards

Cardio Consensus Flashcards

1
Q

HCM - systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

A

Diastolic dysfunction

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2
Q

DCM- systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

A

LV systolic dysfunction w eccentric hypertrophy (dilation)

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3
Q

S3 heart sound

A

Ventricular filling

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4
Q

S1 heart sound

A

Closure of AV (mitral and tricuspid) valves

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5
Q

S2 heart sound

A

closure of semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves

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6
Q

If you hear a 3rd heart sound (gallop) on a cat, what would you think of it

A

3-19% cats with subclinal HCM. not usually present in healthy cats

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7
Q

Heart sound with HCM

A

S4 gallop

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8
Q

What cats are at highest risk of HCM

A

Male, older, loud systolic murmur
Most are nonpedigree, but Maine Coon, Ragdoll, British shorthair, Persian, bengal, sphinx, Norwegian forest cat, Birman breeds predisposed

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9
Q

What gene mution has been associated with HCM?

A

Myosin binding protein C gene (MyBPC3)

Maine coon - 35-42% prevalence (MyBPC3-A31P)

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10
Q

What gene mutation has been described in Ragdolls with HCM

A

MyBPC3-R820W mutation

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11
Q

What can be seen in rads of a cat with HCM

A

Severe cardiomegasly
Left auricular bulge over DV/VD

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12
Q

T/F: valentine heart shape is specific to HCM

A

FALSE

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13
Q

What adverse effects can we see w spironolactone in cats

A

Ulcerative dermatitis

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14
Q

CO = ?

A

SV (preload, after load, contractility) x HR

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15
Q

What receptors and where have a permissive effect of SNS activation under RAAS in CHF?

A

Beta receptors in macula densa

increase SNS –> renin release –> increase AGII, catecholamine release

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16
Q

Where does furosemide work and how

A

Loop diuretic – thick ascending loop of henle
Impairs activity of NaK2Cl cotransporter
No effect on carbonic anhydrase, does not antagonize aldosterone

17
Q

What happens when you give thiazide after giving furosemide?

A

Distal tubule will hypertrophy and become hyperactive in the setting of loop diuretic –> sequential nephron blockade leads to progressive increases in Na depletion (affects DCT)

18
Q

Where does thiazide work

A

Distal tubules
MOA: interferes transport of Na ions across renal tubular epithelium

19
Q

MOA digoxin

A

Inhibits Na/K ATPase
Increases Ca entry into cell = weak + inotrope
Decrease SA firing and AV conduction (negative chronotrope)
Prolongs refractory period

20
Q

MOA pimobendan

A

Calcium sensitizer and inhibition of phosphodiesterase III (PDE-III)
Positive inotrope
Make myofilaments more sensitive to Ca so we get increase contractility without increasing the Ca

21
Q

Tx of AFIB

A

Digoxin
Diltiezam - #1
Beta blockers - worsens CHF

ACVIM General - Imp stuff (11 decks)

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