nutrition

Question 1

lactose intolerance

Answer 1

small intestinal cells lose the ability to make adequate amount of the enzyme lactase

Question 2

common symptoms of lactose intolerance

Answer 2

diarrhea
excessive gas
bloating
cramping pain
nausea

Question 3

main factors contributing to lactose intolerance

Answer 3

genetics and aging process

Question 4

milk allergy involves

Answer 4

sensitization of the immune system to the protein in milk

Question 5

largest protein in milk is

Answer 5

casein

Question 6

the dietary goal is to obtain

Answer 6

calcium and vitamin D from foods and beverages that do not contain milk proteins

Question 7

glucose is the basic unit of

Answer 7

carbs

Question 8

body maintains an internal supply of

Answer 8

carbs

Question 9

carbs tightly control

Answer 9

blood glucose concentration

Question 10

digestion and absorption of carbs is the starting point in

Answer 10

the production of energy (ATP) for the cells

Question 11

the pathway for energy release from glucose involves a series of steps in which

Answer 11

energy packages (ATP) are formed to supply energy for the cells’ activities

Question 12

a four carbon molecule is often referred to as the

Answer 12

“pick-up” molecule

Question 13

the pick-up molecule must be present on the

Answer 13

tip of the arrow pointing towards the start of the Kerbs cycle for the energy pathway to work

Question 14

energy can be generated from glucose using the cellular energy release pathway in two ways

Answer 14

without adequate oxygen
with adequate oxygen

Question 15

without adequate oxygen

Answer 15

2 ATP plus lactic acid

Question 16

with adequate oxygen

Answer 16

30 to 32 atp

Question 17

protein(amino acids) is used as an energy source for

Answer 17

ATP production instead of being used to build body proteins

Question 18

use of amino acids for energy produces

Answer 18

potentially harmful wastes (ammonia and urea)

Question 19

without adequate glucose available the body

Answer 19

struggles to release energy from fat

Question 20

use of fats without sufficient glucose produces harmful fat fragments known as

Answer 20

ketone bodies (ketones)

Question 21

if excessive amounts of ketone bodies build up in the body

Answer 21

acidosis (pH is below 7.35) may occur

Question 22

acidosis may lead to

Answer 22

loss of fluids and electrolytes, irregular heartbeat, coma, even death

Question 23

pancreas responds to high blood glucose levels by

Answer 23

making and releasing insulin

Question 24

insulin signals all body tissues to take up

Answer 24

glucose for both cellular use and for the muscle, liver, and brain tissues to rebuild glycogen stores

Question 25

pancreas responds to low blood glucose levels by

Answer 25

making and releasing insulin

Question 26

glucagon signals liver tissues to

Answer 26

release glucose into the blood

Question 27

blood glucose levels rise to normal for as long as the

Answer 27

liver glycogen stores are available

Question 28

fight or flight reaction

Answer 28

rapid release of glucose from liver glycogen is pushed by epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 29

body tissues shift to use more

Answer 29

glucose and less fat for energy needs

Question 30

excess glucose is converted by

Answer 30

the liver and placed into fat storage