chapter 3 controversy

Question 1

alcohol is produced through a

Answer 1

fermentation process with yeast, starch, or sugars

Question 2

alcohol acts as

Answer 2

lipid solvents

Question 3

ethanol in alcohol

Answer 3

is diluted with water

Question 4

alc proof

Answer 4

twice the percentage of alc

Question 5

one standard drink is slightly more than

Answer 5

half ounce (.6 oz) of pure ethanol

Question 6

acetaldehyde is a substance to which

Answer 6

ethanol is metabolized on its way to becoming harmless waste products

Question 7

alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 7

an enzyme system that breaks down alc.

Question 8

alcoholism

Answer 8

dependency on alc.
compulsive uncontrollable drinking

Question 9

antidiueretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 9

hormone produced by pituitary gland in response to dehydration

Question 10

alcohol is a

Answer 10

depressant (slowing down brain and body)

Question 11

caffeinated beverages are

Answer 11

stimulants(speeding up brain and body)

Question 12

energy drinks can

Answer 12

reduce symptoms of alc intoxication
reduce fatigue/tiredness

Question 13

college students who drank these mixtures were twice as likely to

Answer 13

be inured
require medical attention
ride with an intoxicated driver
take sexual advantage or be the victim

Question 14

drinking caffeine and alc together causes

Answer 14

blood alc concentration can increase to driving while intoxicated
alc poisoning
alc blackouts
mental and physical functions are affected

Question 15

alc molecules can diffuse through stomach walls to enter into the

Answer 15

body fluids

Question 16

once in the blood alc can reach the brain within

Answer 16

a minute

Question 16

time is needed in the stomach so that some of the

Answer 16

stomach’s enzymes can metabolize the alc

Question 16

alc suppresses the production of

Answer 16

ADH

Question 16

stomach containing food slows down the

Answer 16

alc molecule passage because the alc cannot easily reach the stomach walls

Question 17

too large of a dose swallowed too quickly triggers the stomach’s

Answer 17

vomiting reflex to expel the alc

Question 17

an empty stomach poses

Answer 17

no barrier to the alc molecule passage thru its walls

Question 17

once inside the body, alc

Answer 17

dehydrates tissues

Question 17

kidneys are pushed to prude an increase

Answer 17

urine output

Question 17

alc molecules are easily absorbed from the

Answer 17

small intestine

Question 18

drinking non-alc beverages before and after drinking an alc beverage can minimize the

Answer 18

dehydration and help dilute the alc within the body

Question 19

at .005 what centers are sedated first?

Answer 19

judgment and reasoning emotional control is impaired

Question 20

at .10 what centers are sedated as blood alc rises

Answer 20

speech centers in the midbrain

Question 21

.30-.60 what happens?

Answer 21

respiration and heart action are impaired

Question 21

at .15 and .20 what becomes impaired?

Answer 21

voluntary muscular control and reflexes

Question 22

men produce more

Answer 22

ADH then women

Question 22

men tend to contain less

Answer 22

lean muscle tissue and greater body water volume than women

Question 22

what is the first place of alc metabolism

Answer 22

stomach

Question 22

stomach produced

Answer 22

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 23

roughly 5% of alc is excreted by

Answer 23

kidneys in urine lungs

Question 24

liver after absorption is a

Answer 24

place of alc metabolism

Question 25

liver produces a series of enzymes to

Answer 25

metabolize alc and capture the 7 calories per gram of energy

Question 26

how much of blood ethanol per hour is metabolized by the liver

Answer 26

1/2 ounce

Question 27

factors that affect the rate of blood ethanol per hours

Answer 27

body size food and fluid intake fasting gender general health previous drinking experience

Question 28

factors that DO NOT affect rate of blood ethanol per hour

Answer 28

exercising consuming sources of caffeine any pain reliever pure oxygen drinking more alc taking vitamins

Question 29

alcohol metabolism generates toxic substances

Answer 29

acetaldehyde

Question 30

alcohol damages the liver by

Answer 30

making it yellow, larger, filled with excess fat

Question 31

excess fat interferes with

Answer 31

oxygen and nutrients being delivered

Question 32

alcohol give the liver

Answer 32

liver fibrosis (scar tissue)

Question 33

alcohol gives the liver

Answer 33

cirrhosis(swollen filled with dead cells and scar tissue)

Question 34

common signs and symptoms of a hangover

Answer 34

headache pain nausea depression anxiety fatigue reduced cognitive ability and reaction time

Question 35

because of the lack of antidiuretic hormone

Answer 35

the body and brain cells have dehyrdated

Question 36

liver uses the same two sets of enzymes to metabolize

Answer 36

methanol and formaldehyde

Question 37

methanol is produced by

Answer 37

body cells and converted to formaldehyde

Question 38

formaldehyde is immediately converted into

Answer 38

carbon dioxide and water

Question 39

when ethanol is present the liver will focus on

Answer 39

metabolizing ethanol and its acetaldehyde

Question 40

consuming alc before pregnancy can damage

Answer 40

a mother's ovum and father's sperm causing fetal abnormalities q

Question 41

consuming alc during pregnancy can

Answer 41

limit brain cell growth create abnormalities in cells present interfere with nutrients needed by fetus

Question 42

consuming alc during pregnancy threatens

Answer 42

fetus with irreversible brain damage growth restriction vision and face abnormalities behavioral, cognitive and/or CNS abnormalities

Question 43

long term excessive alc intake on the heart and skeletal muscles

Answer 43

weakness and deterioration heart may be bloated hypertension increases risk of heart attack and stroke

Question 44

long term excessive alc intake effects on the brain

Answer 44

dehydration of brain cells(they shrink) brain tissue is mostly lipid increase risk of brain hemorrhages and strokes brain cells are damages and die off due to increased oxidative damage of free rradicals

Question 45

long term excessive alc intakes on malnutrition

Answer 45

fattening power of alc(7 cals per gram) liver metabolizes alcs energy for use and stores fat (beer belly)

Question 46

long term excessive alc intake on excessive urine production causes losses in

Answer 46

water Mg, K, Ca, Zinc all B and C vitamins, vitamin K

Question 47

malnutrition deficiencies

Answer 47

dehydration wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (severe thiamin deficiency) significant folate deficiency preventing new cells from forming

Question 48

standard serving size for wine

Answer 48

5 oz (12% alc)

Question 49

standard serving size for beer

Answer 49

12 oz

Question 50

standard serving for hard liquor

Answer 50

1 1/2 oz