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nutrition > chapter 3 controversy > Flashcards

chapter 3 controversy Flashcards

1
Q

alcohol is produced through a

A

fermentation process with yeast, starch, or sugars

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2
Q

alcohol acts as

A

lipid solvents

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3
Q

ethanol in alcohol

A

is diluted with water

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4
Q

alc proof

A

twice the percentage of alc

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5
Q

one standard drink is slightly more than

A

half ounce (.6 oz) of pure ethanol

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6
Q

acetaldehyde is a substance to which

A

ethanol is metabolized on its way to becoming harmless waste products

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7
Q

alcohol dehydrogenase

A

an enzyme system that breaks down alc.

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8
Q

alcoholism

A

dependency on alc.
compulsive uncontrollable drinking

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9
Q

antidiueretic hormone (ADH)

A

hormone produced by pituitary gland in response to dehydration

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10
Q

alcohol is a

A

depressant (slowing down brain and body)

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11
Q

caffeinated beverages are

A

stimulants(speeding up brain and body)

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12
Q

energy drinks can

A

reduce symptoms of alc intoxication
reduce fatigue/tiredness

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13
Q

college students who drank these mixtures were twice as likely to

A

be inured
require medical attention
ride with an intoxicated driver
take sexual advantage or be the victim

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14
Q

drinking caffeine and alc together causes

A

blood alc concentration can increase to driving while intoxicated
alc poisoning
alc blackouts
mental and physical functions are affected

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15
Q

alc molecules can diffuse through stomach walls to enter into the

A

body fluids

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16
Q

once in the blood alc can reach the brain within

A

a minute

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16
Q

time is needed in the stomach so that some of the

A

stomach’s enzymes can metabolize the alc

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16
Q

alc suppresses the production of

A

ADH

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16
Q

stomach containing food slows down the

A

alc molecule passage because the alc cannot easily reach the stomach walls

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17
Q

too large of a dose swallowed too quickly triggers the stomach’s

A

vomiting reflex to expel the alc

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17
Q

an empty stomach poses

A

no barrier to the alc molecule passage thru its walls

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17
Q

once inside the body, alc

A

dehydrates tissues

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17
Q

kidneys are pushed to prude an increase

A

urine output

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17
Q

alc molecules are easily absorbed from the

A

small intestine

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18
Q

drinking non-alc beverages before and after drinking an alc beverage can minimize the

A

dehydration and help dilute the alc within the body

19
Q

at .005 what centers are sedated first?

A

judgment and reasoning
emotional control is impaired

20
Q

at .10 what centers are sedated as blood alc rises

A

speech centers in the midbrain

21
Q

.30-.60 what happens?

A

respiration and heart action are impaired

21
Q

at .15 and .20 what becomes impaired?

A

voluntary muscular control and reflexes

22
Q

men produce more

A

ADH then women

22
Q

men tend to contain less

A

lean muscle tissue and greater body water volume than women

22
Q

what is the first place of alc metabolism

A

stomach

22
Q

stomach produced

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

23
Q

roughly 5% of alc is excreted by

A

kidneys in urine
lungs

24
Q

liver after absorption is a

A

place of alc metabolism

25
Q

liver produces a series of enzymes to

A

metabolize alc and capture the 7 calories per gram of energy

26
Q

how much of blood ethanol per hour is metabolized by the liver

A

1/2 ounce

27
Q

factors that affect the rate of blood ethanol per hours

A

body size
food and fluid intake
fasting
gender
general health
previous drinking experience

28
Q

factors that DO NOT affect rate of blood ethanol per hour

A

exercising
consuming sources of caffeine
any pain reliever
pure oxygen
drinking more alc
taking vitamins

29
Q

alcohol metabolism generates toxic substances

A

acetaldehyde

30
Q

alcohol damages the liver by

A

making it yellow, larger, filled with excess fat

31
Q

excess fat interferes with

A

oxygen and nutrients being delivered

32
Q

alcohol give the liver

A

liver fibrosis (scar tissue)

33
Q

alcohol gives the liver

A

cirrhosis(swollen filled with dead cells and scar tissue)

34
Q

common signs and symptoms of a hangover

A

headache
pain
nausea
depression
anxiety
fatigue
reduced cognitive ability and reaction time

35
Q

because of the lack of antidiuretic hormone

A

the body and brain cells have dehyrdated

36
Q

liver uses the same two sets of enzymes to metabolize

A

methanol and formaldehyde

37
Q

methanol is produced by

A

body cells and converted to formaldehyde

38
Q

formaldehyde is immediately converted into

A

carbon dioxide and water

39
Q

when ethanol is present the liver will focus on

A

metabolizing ethanol and its acetaldehyde

40
Q

consuming alc before pregnancy can damage

A

a mother’s ovum and father’s sperm causing fetal abnormalities q

41
Q

consuming alc during pregnancy can

A

limit brain cell growth
create abnormalities in cells present
interfere with nutrients needed by fetus

42
Q

consuming alc during pregnancy threatens

A

fetus with irreversible brain damage
growth restriction
vision and face abnormalities
behavioral, cognitive and/or CNS abnormalities

43
Q

long term excessive alc intake on the heart and skeletal muscles

A

weakness and deterioration
heart may be bloated
hypertension
increases risk of heart attack and stroke

44
Q

long term excessive alc intake effects on the brain

A

dehydration of brain cells(they shrink)
brain tissue is mostly lipid
increase risk of brain hemorrhages and strokes
brain cells are damages and die off due to increased oxidative damage of free rradicals

45
Q

long term excessive alc intakes on malnutrition

A

fattening power of alc(7 cals per gram)
liver metabolizes alcs energy for use and stores fat (beer belly)

46
Q

long term excessive alc intake on excessive urine production causes losses in

A

water
Mg, K, Ca, Zinc
all B and C vitamins, vitamin K

47
Q

malnutrition deficiencies

A

dehydration
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (severe thiamin deficiency)
significant folate deficiency preventing new cells from forming

48
Q

standard serving size for wine

A

5 oz (12% alc)

49
Q

standard serving size for beer

A

12 oz

50
Q

standard serving for hard liquor

A

1 1/2 oz

nutrition (12 decks)

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