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nutrition > chapter 3 pt.2 > Flashcards

chapter 3 pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

enzyme

A

working proteins that speed up a specific chemical reaction

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2
Q

organs

A

made up of tissues that perform specific jobs

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3
Q

blood

A

composed of water, red and white bc’s, nutrients, oxygen, and other formed particles

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4
Q

lymph

A

fluid that moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces, then travel in its own vessels

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5
Q

body systems

A

group of related organs that work together to perform a function

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6
Q

hormones are

A

chemicals that are secreted by glands into the blood in response to conditions in the body that require regulations

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7
Q

peristalsis

A

muscular squeezing of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine that pushes their contents along

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8
Q

sphincter

A

circular muscle surrounding, and able to close, a body opening

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9
Q

chyme

A

fluid resulting from the actions of the stomach upon a meal

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10
Q

hydrochloric acid is a

A

strong acid produced by the stomach to assist in digestion

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11
Q

bile

A

digestive fluid made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine.

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12
Q

bile emulsifies

A

fats and oils to ready them for enzymatic digestion

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13
Q

villi

A

fingerlike projections of the sheets of cells lining the intestinal tract.

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14
Q

microvilli

A

tiny projections on each cell of every villus that greatly expand the surface area.

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15
Q

segmentation

A

mixes chyme with chemical secretions

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16
Q

fecal material

A

body waste matter based on ingested food and the secretions of intestines

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17
Q

circular folds

A

large flaps projecting into the lumen of the small intestine.c

18
Q

circular folds help regulate

A

the flow of digested foods through your intestine

19
Q

cells basic needs

A

oxygen
water
nutrients
energy

20
Q

cardiovascular system is an

A

enclosed system that is pressurized by the heart

21
Q

in the cardiovascular system the liver receives and screens

A

newly absorbed water-friendly substances for digestion

22
Q

in the cardiovascular system the liver chemically alters

A

absorbed substances making them user-friendly for the body tissues

23
Q

water-friendly substances include

A

sugars
amino acids
water-soluble vitamins minerals and medications

24
Q

body fluids that circulate around cells function

A

supply energy, oxygen, nutrients, and water
deliver fresh supplies and pick up wastes

25
Q

intracellular fluids

A

holds cellular shape and is where all cell reactions take place

26
Q

lymphatic system has

A

beginnings and ends for vessels

27
Q

lymphatic system have

A

lipid-friendly substances absorbed into the lymph vessels

28
Q

lipid- friendly substances

A

lipid family members
fat-soluble vitamins
fat-friendly phytochemicals
fat-based chemicals

29
Q

muscle activity and gravity in the lymphatic system drive

A

fluid flow

30
Q

lymph fluids empty into the

A

subclavian veins leading to the heart

31
Q

stress response in terms of adernaline

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

32
Q

in stress response metabolism..

A

speeds up

33
Q

in stress response, these areas receive enhanced blood flow

A

liver
heart
lungs
brain
arms
legs

34
Q

in stress response, these areas receive diminished blood flow, slowing their functions

A

all GI tract structures
kidneys
skin

35
Q

body response of stress response

A

eyes
heart
lungs
muscles

36
Q

energy sources of stress response

A

liver releases glucose units from its glycogen stores
fat cells release fats from its fat stores

37
Q

health concerns of stress response

A

heart attack
diabetes

38
Q

bicarbonate ions

A

buffers that is a part of the body’s acid-base balance, which keeps a balanced pH level

39
Q

digestive enzymes are

A

proteins that your body makes to break down food and aid digestion

40
Q

mechanical digestion

A

beginning in the mouth,
the altering of texture of foods by chewing, grinding, crushing foods and adding liquids to aid swallowing, and creating chyme

41
Q

pendular movement

A

enhances nutrient absorption in small intestine

nutrition (12 decks)

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