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Animal Science 1401 Lecture Final > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

How much percent protein is in cottonseed?

A

45%

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2
Q

What “plant” takes nitrogen and fixes it into the soil?

A

Legumes

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3
Q

(T/F) Only grain-fed diet doesn’t meet protein requirements, but it does meet energy requirements

A

True

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4
Q

(Def) How much of what an animal eats is used

A

Digestabililty

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5
Q

(Def) High in energy, low in fiber, highly digestible

A

Concentrates

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6
Q

(def) Low in protein, gives animal access to the carbon chain, for ENERGY, cereal grain/molasses

A

Carbonaceous concentrate

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7
Q

(def) High in protein, lots of nitrogen, component of protein, great source of protein, more expensive than carbons, fish meal/soybean/cottonseed

A

Nitrogenous concentrate

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8
Q

(def) Low in energy, high in fiber, less digestible than concentrates, extremely dependent on when you harvest them

A

Roughages

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9
Q

Mature grass hay, stover, mature cereal grain

A

Carbonaceous roughage

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10
Q

Legume hay, immature grass hay, growing pasture

A

Nitrogenous roughage

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11
Q

(def) A good low quality roughage, strictly energy/cellulose, only ruminants

A

Gin trash

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12
Q

Functions of water?

A

Transport nutrients and excretions, chemical reactions, regulate body temperature (sweat)

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13
Q

Structure of a protein?

A

Amino acid, peptide, polypeptide, protein

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14
Q

What is an “essential amino acid”?

A

Essential to animal, must be supplied in diet, body cannot synthesize them fast enough to meet requirements

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15
Q

What is a “nonessential amino acid”?

A

Body produces these amino acids naturally

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16
Q

How do you determine protein analysis?

A

Determine N content and mulitply by 6.25, and look at actual digestable protein (less than 12%)

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17
Q

(T/F) The level of fertilization affects the level of protein

A

True (directly proportional)

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18
Q

Functions of protein?

A

Basic structural unit of animal body (muscle), body metabolism (enzymes, hormones…)

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19
Q

(def) Primary source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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20
Q

What is the formula to find the amount of carbs?

A

Calories + chlorophyll = carbs

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21
Q

(def) One sugar molecule, glucose

A

Monosaccharide

22
Q

(def) Two sugar molecules, easily absorbable, sucrose

A

Disaccharide

23
Q

(def) Three sugar molecules, degraded by stomach bacteria, raffinose

A

Trisaccharide

24
Q

(def) Many sugar molecules, larger bonds harder to break

A

Polysaccharide

25
Q

Identify the following carbs:
- easy to break, stored
- strong structural carb, forages, only rumens or cecum
- strong structural carb, wood, no animal can digest

A

Starch, Cellulose, Lignin

26
Q

Function of carbs?

A

Provide energy and heat, excess will be stored as fat or excreted

27
Q

(def) Essential dietary component

A

Lipids (fats and oils)

28
Q

Identify the following lipids:
- animal sourced
- plant sourced

A

Fat, Oil

29
Q

(T/F) The more complex the carb, the more energy and heat it creates

A

True

30
Q

Structure of a lipid?

A

Composed of fatty acids and glycerol

31
Q

(T/F) Fat produces less energy than proteins or carbohydrates

A

False, fat produces 2.25x more energy than those

32
Q

Calculate fat analysis

A

Fat x 2.25

33
Q

Functions of a lipid?

A

Provide energy, source of essential fatty acids, source of heat/insulation/protection, carrier for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

34
Q

Function of vitamins?

A

Organic catalysts in biochemical reactions

35
Q

(T/F) Vitamins are only needed in small amounts, most animals don’t need vitamins if they have a well-balanced diet

A

True

36
Q

What is Vitamin D?

A

Fat-soluble, used in calcium absorption, deficiency can cause bone problems

37
Q

What is Vitamin E?

A

Fat-soluble, antioxidant

38
Q

What is Vitamin A?

A

Fat-soluble, comes through plants, helps vision, inadequate amount can cause an abortion

39
Q

What is Vitamin C?

A

Water-soluble, comes from citrus fruits, deficiency common in ruminants

40
Q

What is Biotin?

A

Helps animals maintain healthy hooves

41
Q

What is Vitamin B12?

A

Only sourced from meat, deficiency causes anemia and slow growth, RUMINANTS MAKE THEIR OWN B12

42
Q

(def) Inorganic, required by animals, plant, and animal-sourced

A

Minerals

43
Q

Function of minerals?

A

Component of hormones and enzymes, maintains osmotic pressure of the cell, acid-base balance, skeleton and teeth

44
Q

What is a macromineral? What is a micromineral?

A
  1. Minerals needed in major amounts.
  2. Minerals needed in trace amounts
45
Q

What is Calcium?

A

Ca:P ratio is important, deficiency cause rickets (not very common)

46
Q

What is Phosphorus?

A

In bones, PICA comes from a deprived appetite

47
Q

What is Iron?

A

Component of hemoglobin (carrier of oxygen), deficiency causes anemia

48
Q

What is Copper?

A

Hair pigmentation, not every animal needs a lot (sheep have low tolerance), deficiency causes fading hair coat

49
Q

What is Iodine?

A

Deficiency causes enlarged thyroid because the body grows more thyroid when low on iodine

50
Q

What are the 5 macrominerals?

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Chlorine, Sulfur

51
Q

What are the 3 microminerals?

A

Iron, Copper, Iodine

Animal Science 1401 Lecture Final (8 decks)

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