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Advanced Patient Assessment > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Converting nutrients to energy at the _____ level requires _____ to support the process

A

transported, oxygen

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2
Q

What kind of metabolism is required for life?

A

Aerobic

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3
Q

Malnutrition decreases what ….

A

Lung power, strength, power, and the endurance of the respiratory muscles

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4
Q

What increases energy requirements?

A

Diseases

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5
Q

What are the two metabolic pathways?

A

Catabolism and Anabolism

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6
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

Those that break down molecules as energy is released

Breakdown of larger molecules

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7
Q

What is Anabolism?

A

Those that build up new molecules to be used in a structural or functional role

Synthesis of larger molecules

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8
Q

What respiration uses the Krebs cycle?

How many ATP is produced?

A

Aerobic

38

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9
Q

What respiration does not use oxygen?

How many ATP is produced?

What is the waste product?

A

Anaerobic

2 ATP produced

Lactic acid

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10
Q

What does the metabolic rate determine?

A

Oxygen uptake (VO2)

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11
Q

By measuring your VO2 at rest what can be calculated?

A

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting energy expenditure (REE)

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12
Q

Total daily energy expenditure is divided into 3 components: what are they?

A

REE
Diet induced thermogenesis
energy cost of physical activity

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13
Q

What are the two ways to measure energy requirements?

A

Direct and Indirect calorimetry

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14
Q

What is direct calorimetry?

A

a room that measures heat produced and given off by the body

metabolism generates heat, heat is measured in calories

not practiced in the clinical setting

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15
Q

What is indirect calorimetry?

A

metabolic cart calculates energy expenditure by measuring O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production

MOST COMMONLY USED

The higher the metabolic rate , the higher the VO2

RQ is also obtained from indirect calorimetry

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16
Q

What is a Metabolic Cart?

A

a computer controlled unit composed of O2 and CO2 gas analyzers and flow transducers

17
Q

Who is the metabolic cart easiest to do on?

A

Ventilated patients

MC is portable and can be done at bedside

18
Q

How is energy quantified ?

A

In kilocalories

19
Q

1 kcal is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temp ___ kg of water to ___ deg C

A

1, 1

20
Q

Can metabolic carts have leaks?

A

NO! No leaks

21
Q

What is the RQ?

A

Ratio of O2 used to CO2 produced in the body per minute

22
Q

What are the RQ for fats, protiens, and carbs?

A

Fats: 0.7
Protein: 0.85
Carbs: 1.0

23
Q

The balance of the 3 food groups (fats, proteins, and carbs) gives and RQ of what?

A

0.8

24
Q

The higher the CO2 level the greater the stimulus to the _____ receptors?

A

Chemo

25
Q

What is the nervous systems fundamental requirement for?

A

Glucose

26
Q

What should be the largest amount of dietary intake?
And what %

A

Carbs
55-60%

27
Q

How does the body store carbs?
What is it changed to in digestion?

A

Glycogen
Glucose in digestion

28
Q

How long does it take for gluconeogenesis to occur?

A

12-16 hrs

29
Q

What is gluconeogenesis ?

A

insufficient carb intake

30
Q

What % should proteins make up of dietary intake?

A

12-15%

31
Q

How many grams of nitrogen may ill patients loose a day through their urine?

A

16-20g

32
Q

1g of urea = ~____ oz of skeletal muscle

A

1

33
Q

Protein from a plant based source is more _____ in nature

A

Alkaline

34
Q

Fat are ____ times as dense as other nutrients

A

2x

35
Q

Fatty acids are usually joined in groups of three forming what?

A

Triglycerides

36
Q

What is the serum phosphate range?

A

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

37
Q

Phosphate depletion causes reduction of ATP and increased affinity for _____ to _____

Results in decreased _____ delivered to _____

A

Oxygen, hemoglobin

Oxygen, tissues

38
Q

What is the enteral route of nutritional admin?

A

by mouth, most natural

if intubated: through NG tube

Advanced Patient Assessment (4 decks)

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