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Advanced Patient Assessment > Chest Xrays > Flashcards

Chest Xrays Flashcards

1
Q

Radiopaque (pack)

A

Dense substances appear white or light
Ex. Bone

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2
Q

What color do underexposed images appear?

A

More white

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3
Q

Radiolucent

A

Low density substances appear dark/ black
Ex. air filled lung tissue

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4
Q

What do overexposed images look like?

A

Black

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5
Q

Is it okay to delay treatment while images are being produced and/or interpreted?

A

False

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6
Q

When should you take an xray?
Max inhalation or expiration?

A

Inhalation: so you can see as much as possible

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7
Q

What is the most common view of xrays?

A

PA view

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8
Q

In a PA view is the xray infront or behind the patient?

A

Behind, and chest is against plate

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9
Q

How many feet away does the patient stand from the machine in a PA ?

A

6 ft

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10
Q

What type of imaging do we use commonly for ICU patients?

A

AP view

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11
Q

How is the xray positioned for AP view?

A

Film plate is placed under patients back and xray is placed above

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12
Q

What two views is the heart closer to the film?

A

Lateral view and PA view

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13
Q

What special CXR view do we use to identify if pleural fluid is present?

A

Lateral decubitus

“Air rises, water falls”

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14
Q

What special CXR view do we use to look closer at the middle lobe or the top (apical) regions of the lungs?

A

Apical Lordotic

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15
Q

When do you take a CXR on exhalation?

A

To identify a small pnemo

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16
Q

What are the two systemic approach acronym?

A

PIE
ABCDEF

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17
Q

What does PIE stand for in regards to CXR interpretation?

A

Position, Inspiration, Exposure

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18
Q

What does ABCDEF stand for in regards to xray interpretation?

A

Airway
Bones
Cardiac and Costophrenic
Diaphragm and Devices
Edges and Extrathorasic
Fields

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19
Q

If you cannot see the heart silhouette the infiltrates are located where?

A

In the middle lobe

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20
Q

If you can see the heart silhouette where are the infiltrates located?

A

In the lower lobe

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21
Q

What would you see on a CXR for an air bronchogram ?

A

Visible bronchi when surrounded by consolidated alveoli

22
Q

Two types of ATX?

A

Compressive and Obstructive

23
Q

If my patient has a pleural effusion, PNX, hemothorax, or any space occupying lesion that caused ATX what type is it?

A

Compressive (because those things all apply pressure to the lung)

24
Q

If my patient has a tumor, aspirated foreign body, or mucus plugging that caused ATX what type is it?

A

Obstructive (because its obstructing the ventilation of the airway)

25
Q

What are signs of hyperinflation? and who do we see this in?

A

Increased AP diameter
Large retrosternal space
Flattening of diaphragm

Seen in CFCBABE’s

26
Q

Where are most ILD diseases contained too?

A

Interstitium

27
Q

What would you see on a CXR that indicated sarcoidosis?

A

large hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes

28
Q

What would you see on a CXR that indicated asbestosis?

A

calcified pleural or diaphragmatic nodules

29
Q

What would you see on a CXR that indicated end stage pulmonary fibrosis?

A

honey comb size cavities

30
Q

Signs of CHF on CXR?

A

Engorgement of upper lobe vessels
Increased cardiothoracic ratio (>0.5)
Kerley B lines

31
Q

What are two signs of pulmonary edema?

A

Bat wings or butterfly pattern

32
Q

What are the two types of pulmonary edema?

A

Cardiogenic and Noncardiogenic

33
Q

What would you see on a CXR for cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A

Heart englargement, increased vasularity, and kerly B lines

Seen in CHF patients

34
Q

What would you see on a CXR for noncardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A

normal heart size, normal vasculatity, and no kerly B lines

Diffuse patchy infilitrates

Seen in ARDS, inhalation of toxic agents, chlorine, ammonia, and allergic reaction to drugs

35
Q

How much fluid does the pleural space contain normally on each side?

A

appox. 30 mL

36
Q

How much fluid must be present before it can be seen on a CXR?

A

100 mL

37
Q

Blunting of the costophrenic angle
Small meniscus sign
Partially obscured and elevated diaphragm

Are all signs of what pleural effusion on a CXR?

A

Small volume pleural effusion

38
Q

Complete or nearly complete whiteout
Complete obscuring of the hemidiaphragm

Are signs of what type of pleural effusion on a CXR?

A

Large volume effusion

39
Q

What is a pleural effusion an imbalance of?

A

formation of pleural fluid and rate of absorption by lymphatic system

40
Q

What is a deep sulcus sign?

A

radiolucency below the costophrenic angle seen in the presence of a pneumothorax

41
Q

What kind of pressure builds in a tension pneumothorax?

A

Typically negative, but becomes positive

42
Q

What is the most common cause of lung consolidation?

A

Bacterial pneumonia

43
Q

Do the lungs collapse with lung consolidation?

A

No

44
Q

What are signs of consolidation on a CXR?

A

Minimal loss of volume
Lobar or segmental distribution
Homogenous density
Air bronchogram is the airway leading to the consolidated area is
open

45
Q

Ground glass appearance on a CXR indicates what?

A

ARDS

46
Q

Where should the central venous pressure be placed? (CVP)

A

Right or left subclavian vein or jugular vein

47
Q

Where should the pulmonary artery catheter be placed?

A

tip at the right midlung near the hilum

accidental rupture of balloon may rupture artery

48
Q

Where should NG feeding tubes be placed?

A

at the stomach or small bowel

49
Q

When do we use a CT?

A

Occupational lung diseases
PNA
Bronchiectasis
COPD

50
Q

What is fluoroscopy?

A

Projects a continuous xray beam through the patient allowing visualization of live action

51
Q

When do we use Fluoroscopy?

A

Cardiac catheterization, bronchs, etc

Advanced Patient Assessment (4 decks)

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