Final: 3 Quizzes Flashcards
What does fetid mean?
Foul smelling
Weak muscles of breathing and airway obstruction are associated with COPD patients have a weak _______
Cough
To minimize bony interfereance with percussion on the posterior chest wall, what should the practitioner have the patient do?
Raise his or her arms above the shoulders
The patient interview is done in what space?
Personal space
In the presence of nausea and vomiting, a hx of cirrhosis of the liver suggests what organ as a source of hematemesis?
esophagus
While palpating the chest of a pt who says “99”, you note there is an area of increased fremitus, over lower lobe. What is it?
Pneumonia only
Cheyne stokes breathing is associated with what disorders?
Central nervous system disorder, CHF
Blood tinged sputum is?
Hemoptysis
Deep and fast breathing is most likely associated with?
DKA
If patient has a fever, what does their RR look like?
Faster
Irritablility is an early sign of low oxygen
T/F
True
Inflamed pleural membranes can cause localized pain that can be heard with auscultation
T/F
True
What do grading system do we use for the degrees of dyspnea?
Modified Borg Scale
What is the hypothalamus responsible for regulating?
Body temp
What is Orthodeoxia?
oxygen desat on assuming an upright postion
What does orthodeoxia accompany?
Platypnea
What is trepopnea?
lying down on one side relieves dyspnea
What is trepopnea associated with?
CHF or pleural effusion
136-145 mEq/L is the normal value for what?
Normal serum sodium level
What can lead to hyponatremia? (low sodium)
severe vomiting, excessive water intake, CHF
What is an approx. normal Hbg level?
14 gm/dl
WBC count that is above normal value is?
Leukocytosis
Magnesium is used in the tx of atrial fibrillation
T/F
False
What test is used to eval. renal function?
Creatinine
What is indicated by an elevation of the anion gap?
Metabolic acidosis
Total Co2 is linked to what electrolyte in the blood serum?
Bicarb
What happens to the blood when there is significant hypoxemia?
Polycythemia : trying to compensate for the lack of O2 so body makes more RBC, even though there is no O2 to latch on to it.
D-dimer will be found in what conditions?
PE, DVT, and disseminated intravascular coagulation
What is a D-dimer?
product of the breakdown of fibrin clots that form in vasculature
What does fibrin do?
Holds blood clots together
What WBC exists as two types B cell and T cells?
Lymphocytes
What abnormal lab value is seen in a patient with TB?
Increase in monocytes
What type of leukocytosis is seen in pts with viral infection?
Lymphocytosis
A high lactate level is important to recognize bc it coincides with respiratory acidosis.
T/F
False
3.5-5 mEq/L is what normal serum level?
Potassium
Potassium is associated with maintaining what?
Normal heart, kidney, and acid base balance
Patient is in metabolic alkalosis, what lab value should we look at?
Potassium
Bc metabolic is renal function
A patient receiving heparin has a prothrombin time (PT) of 19 sec and an International Standardized Ratio (INR) of approximately 5.0, what does this indicate
High likely hood of excessive bleeding
What are the 3 types of coagulation studies?
Platelet count
APTT: partial thromboplastin time
PT/INR: international normalized ratio
_____ assess clotting factors in the intrinsic and common pathways by measuring the length of time required for plasma to form a fibrin clot
APTT
What is the normal amount of time a APTT should take?
25-35 seconds
A longer APTT indicates what?
Pt has higher likelihood of bleeding
____ assess clotting factors in the extrinsic and common pathways
Prothrombin time (PT)
____ standardizes PT test results between labs
PT/INR
What is the normal reference range for PT/INR?
What # indicates high likelyhood of bleeding
What # indicates increased clotting
Normal: 0.8-1.2
Bleeding: 5.0
Clotting: 0.5
APTT monitors what kind of therapy?
PT/INR monitors what kind of therapy?
APTT: IV heparin therapy
PT/INR: warfarin therapy
You are auscultating a pt and hear fine crackles. Pt coughs but it does not change. You ask nurse about their nutrition status. What should you ask?
Do you know if their I’s and O’s are where they should be?
Decreased phosphate levels can result in decreaed O2 being delivered to the tissues
T/F
True
Fluoroscopy is used during what procedures?
Cardiac catherization and bronchs (active visuals)
On a AP film what # of posterior ribs should be visible above diaphragm?
6-7
What is not a way for the RT to minimize their ionizing radiation exposure?
Dosimetry
What is nitrogen balance useful in determining?
adequacy of protein intake
Direct calorimetry measures what?
Heat produced and given off by the body, it is measured in calories
What does indirect calorimetry measure?
Metabolic cart measures energy expenditure by measuring O2 consumption and CO2 production
What is associated with low protein diet?
Immune compromise, edema, ascities
What confirms presence of intrapulmonary disease?
air bronchogram
Lateral decubitus view on CXR can be used to see…..
if there is pleural fluid or blood present in chest
High fat diet can decrease PaO2
T/F
True bc too much can impair gas diffusion across AC membrane
