Nutrition

Question 1

What deficiency can occur in breast-fed infants of vegan mothers?

Answer 1

Vitamin B 12 deficiency

Question 2

What part of the digestive tract is vitamin B 12 absorbed?

Answer 2

ileum

deficiency can occur if resected or active inflammation

Question 3

What are the 3 potential risk associated with unsupplemented breastmilk in a preterm infant?

Answer 3

1. hypoproteinemia at 8-12 weeks
2. hyponatremia at 4-6 weeks
3. zinc deficiency at 2-6 months
   (should fortify breastmilk in preterm infants by 1 month of age)

Question 4

What nutritional deficiency is associated with visual impairments?

Answer 4

Vitamin A

Question 5

What nutritional deficiency can results in hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis and edema in premature infants especially during the 2nd month of life?

Answer 5

Vitamin E deficiency

Question 6

What are the recommendations for breastfeeding when mother is hep B antigen- positive?

Answer 6

can breastfeed immediately

Question 7

What is the most likely nutritional deficiency in patient with non-specific symptoms, paresthesias, muscle atrophy, cramping, hoarseness, loss of deep tendon reflex, ataxia after gastric bypass surgery?

Answer 7

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Question 8

Xray showing widening of costochondral junctions (rachitic rosary) and widening of the growth plates with associated cupping and fraying is associated with what nutritional deficiency?

Answer 8

Vitamin D deficiency (Rickets)

Question 9

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient presenting with generalized edema in lower extremities, moon facies, periorbital edema, hair that easily plucks out, reddish brown skin color that is very dry and atrophic with normal body fat stores?

Answer 9

Kwashiorkor

protein malnutrition disorder

Question 10

What is the most likely nutritional deficiency for homeless patient presenting with ecchymoses, swollen tender bleeding gums, petechiae, purpura, impaired wound healing and perifollicular hemorrhages with corkscre-coiled hairs (hyperkeratosis)?

Answer 10

Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)

Question 11

What is the highest density source of potential energy?

Answer 11

dietary fats

Question 12

What is the rash associated with Kwashiorkor syndrome?

Answer 12

blanching erythema with overlying reddish-brown scaling and sharply demarcated raised edges

Question 13

What are the 3 D’s associated with Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency?

Answer 13

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea

Question 14

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient presenting with yellowish discoloration of skin excluding the scleral and otherwise well appearing?

Answer 14

Carotenemia

accumulation of carotene from certain foods like carrots, squash and sweet potatoes

Question 15

What is the most likely nutritional deficiency of a child (no longer breastfeeding if previously was) who develops failure to thrive, alopecia, dry erythematous eczematous lesions with associated vesiculobullous lesions that rupture and crust over usually in the perianal region?

Answer 15

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
(Zinc deficiency)

Question 16

What nutritional deficiency is associated with irritability, generalized tenderness of lower extremities, ground glass appearance of bones on Xray and thin bony cortex with sharply outlined epiphyseal ends (White line of Frankel)?

Answer 16

Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)

Question 17

At what age is the highest protein requirement on a gram/kg/ day basis?

Answer 17

newborn (1.5-2 g/kg/day)

Question 18

What nutritional deficiencies are associated with cystic fibrosis?

Answer 18

A, D, E, K

also Zinc deficiency

Question 19

Hutchinson teeth are abnormal upper central incisors that are smaller than normal, barrel shaped, and notched in the center of the incisal surface and associated with ….

Answer 19

Congenital Syphillis

Question 20

How do you calculate maintenance fluids for a patient?

Answer 20

100/50/20 rule
100 ml/kg for 1st 10 kg
50 ml/kg for 2nd 10 kg
20 ml/kg for additional kgs

Question 21

How do you calculate deficit fluids?

Answer 21

1000ml/kg (x) % deficit

Question 22

What is the potential energy available for dietary fat?

Answer 22

9 kcal/g

Question 23

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient presenting with malaise, anorexia, dry skin and mucous membranes, hair loss, seborrheic skin changes, hepatosplenomeglay and bone pain with long wavy cortical hyperostosis of the bones?

Answer 23

Hypervitaminosis A

common in athletes from supplement enhancement

Question 24

What disorder is PICA (eating non-nutritive substances) associated with?

Answer 24

iron deficiency anemia

decreased serum ferritin, elevated total iron capacity, microcytic anemia

Question 25

What is the most likely nutritional abnormality resulting in tachypnea, tachycardia, cardiomegaly, gallop rhythm, generalized edema and heart failure?

Answer 25

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency

Question 26

Deficiency in what micronutrient can result in neural tube defects?

Answer 26

Folic acid

Question 27

What dietary history is associated with Niacin deficiency (Pellagra)?

Answer 27

Corn mash consumption

Question 28

What is the most likely etiology of macrocytic anemia in setting of alcohol abuse?

Answer 28

folate deficiency
(unlike vitamin B12 deficiency there is no neurologic abnormalities)