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Peds Boards 2021 > Gastrointestinal Disease (GI) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Disease (GI) Flashcards

1
Q

What are patient’s who treated with proton pump inhibitors at increased risk for?

A

C. difficile diarrhea

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2
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for anorexic patient presenting with severe post-prandial abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, early satiety, and Xray showing gastric distention, dilation of the proximal duodenum, and abrupt vertical cutoff of air in the 3rd portion of duodenum?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMA syndrome)

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3
Q

What rash is associated with kawasaki disease?

A

widespread morbilliform rash that is particularly prominent in the perineum and intertriginous areas

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4
Q

What abdominal manifestation is common in kawasaki disease?

A

Gallbladder hydrops

gallbladder distention by sterile bile- noncalculous distention

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5
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient presenting with regurgitation of solid and liquid food, weight loss, and barium swallow showing dilated esophagus that terminates into beak like manner?

A

Achalasia

increased resting pressure of lower esophageal sphincter on esophageal manometry

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6
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient with ulcerative colitis who presents with fatigue, pruritis, hepatosplenomegaly and elevated GGT and alkaline phosphatase?

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

progressive chronic inflammation and fibrosis of hepatic bile ducts

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7
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

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8
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient with recurrent episodes of vomiting that lasts hours to day followed by symptom free periods lasting weeks to months in the setting of family history of migraines?

A

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

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9
Q

A patient with barium enema showing aganglionic distal narrowed segment with a normal ganglionic segment proximal dilated segment is consistent with …

A

Hirschsprung disease

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10
Q

What increases the risk of Hep B infection transmission to neonate?

A

positive Hep B e antigen

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11
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient with history of atopy presenting with dyspahgia, odynophagia, heart burn, chest pain, regurgitation, food impaction and stricture formation?

A

Eosinophillic Esophagitis

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12
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient (6-36 months old) presenting with acute sudden recurrent abdominal pain episodes, vomiting, blood in stool, sausage shaped mass in right upper quadrant and target sign on ultrasound?

A

Intussusception

associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura

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13
Q

What is the most common presentation of Meckel diverticulum?

A

painless rectal bleeding

due to ectopic gastric and pancreatic tissue

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14
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of infant with cholestatic jaundice (elevated conjungated bilirubin and elevated transaminases), HIDA scan showing no drainage from liver into intestine, liver biopsy showing bile duct proliferation and fibrosis, and absent gallbladder?

A 
Biliary atresia
(tx- immediate surgery to improve chance of drainage)
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15
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of patient with severe pain with swallowing after high dose steroids and found to have multiple discrete shallow well circumscribed ulcers in distal third of esophagus on endoscopy?

A

Herpes esophagitis

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16
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient with acne on doxycyline who presents with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing solids)?

A

Pill induced esophagitis

especially if take pill without water

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17
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient with intermittent unconjungated hyperbilirubinemia with normal liver function tests especially in setting of illness?

A 
Gilbert syndrome
(due to defect/ low in glucuronyl transferase enzyme)
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18
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis for patient with diarrhea, failure to thrive, malabsorption signs, negative fecal elastase and intestinal biopsy showing short, flat villi with deepened crypts and lymphocytic infiltrates around irregular vacuolated surface epithelial cells?

A

Celiac disease

19
Q

What is the skin changes associated with Crohn disease?

A 
erythema nodosum
(erythematous tender subcutaneous nodules on the extensor aspects of the legs between the knees and ankles)
20
Q

A patient with colonoscopy showing inflammation of the terminal ileum, patchy areas of erythema, and ulcers in the colon in a “skip lesion pattern” is suggestive of …

A

Crohn disease

21
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of newborn/ infant with high unconjungated hyperbiliruinemia not due to physiological jaundice?

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

due to lack of UGT1A1 conjugating enzyme

22
Q

What is the diagnostic test for Meckel diverticulum?

A

technetium 99m pertechnetate isotope scan

Meckel scan

23
Q

What is a common hematologic abnormality associated with Celiac Disease?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

malabsorption of iron

24
Q

What genetic syndromes have an increased frequency of Celiac Disease? (3)

A
  1. Down Syndrome
  2. Turner syndrome
  3. Williams syndrome
25
Q

What is the treatment for Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis in an immunocompromised patient?

A

Azithromycin

26
Q

How long is Hep A virus shred in the stool and a patient is considered infectious during active infection?

A

7 days of onset of symptoms

27
Q

… are characterized as painful, shallow, rounded erosions with well circumscribed margins, erythematous halo, and yellow green floor located in oral mucosa or labial mucosa and associated with ….

A

Aphthous stomatitis; Crohn Disease

28
Q

What is an oral manifestation of celiac disease?

A

tooth enamel defects (yellowish brown teeth and translucent teeth)

29
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient presenting with jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, butterfly vertebrae, peripheral pulmonic stenosis, developmental delay and reduced number of intralobular bile ducts on liver biopsy?

A 
Alagille Syndrome
(defect on chromosome 20)
30
Q

What genetic syndrome is associated with duodenal atresia (double bubble on abdominal Xray)?

A

Down Syndrome

trisomy 21

31
Q

What is the most common diagnosis for newborn presenting with worsening jaundice, elevated conjugated bilirubin, elevated GGT and elevated alk phos with normal transaminase, and greyish color stool?

A

Biliary atresia

32
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for biliary atresia?

A

intraoperative cholangiogram

33
Q

how do you differentiate between heptatitis A and hepatitis B?

A

Hepatitis B has more extrahepatic symptoms like arthralgias, rash, etc

34
Q

What two disorders are associated with Achalasia?

A
  1. Alacramia (lack of tears)
  2. adrenal insufficiency

(this makes up triple A or Allgrove syndrome)

35
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient presenting with painless blood in stool and freckling on the lips?

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

colonic polpys diagnosed on colonoscopy

36
Q

What ophthalmic abnormality is associated with Crohn Disease?

A

uveitis and scleritis

37
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for patient presenting with sudden onset jaundice, negative hepatitis viral studies, no medication use, normal gallbladder and elevated liver enzymes and protein?

A 
Autoimmune hepatitis
(type 1 in 10-20 year old, females)
(type 2 in younger children)
38
Q

What is the most common cause of acute fulminant liver failure in children in US?

A

drug hepatoxicity

39
Q

What is the term for the symmetrically distributed papular-vesicular eruptions associated with pruritis and burning that resolve into post-inflammatory pigmentation in patient with Celiac Disease

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

40
Q

What is the etiology believed to be the cause of Gastroschisis?

A

vascular accident involving the right umbilical vein (or right omphalomesenteric artery)

41
Q

… are described as tender papulopustules that progress to necrosis, painful sloughing ulceration of lesion is then followed by cribriform scarring and associated withinflammatory bowel disease

A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

most commonly in ulcerative colitis

42
Q

What medication should not be given for up to 6 weeks after Varicella vaccination or active varicella infection?

A

Salicylates (increase risk for Reye syndrome)

43
Q

Hepatitis D virus results in severe liver disease in the presence of ….

A

Hepatitis B infection

44
Q

How do you check for perinatal Hep C infection in infant born to Hep C positive mother?

A

Nucleic acid amplification for HCV RNA

at 1-2 months of age

Peds Boards 2021 (22 decks)

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