Nutrition Flashcards
How does your body use carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are an important source of energy. They fuel the processes in your body.
What are carbohydrates made from
Carbohydrate molecules are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Are bananas simple or complex carbohydrates?
Simple
How much carbohydrates does the world health organisation recommend that you have per day
The World Health Organisation recommends 260 g.
How are glucose molecules transported around the body?
Through the bloodstream
Carbohydrates provide minerals - true or false?
False. They provide energy
What do proteins provide?
Proteins provide materials to make new cells and to repair damaged tissues, such as muscles
What do minerals provide?
Vitamins are vital in many processes. For example, vitamin K helps blood to clot and vitamin C prevents illness. Fruit and vegetables are vitamin-rich.
Rice and pasta are high in…
Carbohydrates
Proteins provide materials to…
Repair muscle tissue
The mineral iron does what?
Helps transport oxygen around the blood
Vitamin A is vital for?
is vital for good eyesight. It is present in oranges, green vegetables, carrots and milk.
Vitamin B1 helps how?
helps to release energy from carbohydrates. It is in meat, eggs and brown rice.
Vitamin C helps to?
helps to prevent illness and make bones. It is present in citrus fruit, green vegetables and potatoes.
Vitamin K helps do what?
helps the blood to clot after an injury or operation. Green vegetables, tea and liver provide this nutrient.
Calcium is good for?
for bones and teeth.
Zinc helps…
to help heal wounds.
What does the mouth do?
Digestion starts in the mouth where the food is broken down mechanically by the teeth and chemically by the enzyme amylase (contained in saliva). Amylase breaks down carbohydrates into sugars. An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions.
What does the stomach do?
The food then passes down the oesophagus and into the stomach. When it reaches the stomach, the food mixes with the stomach acid and enzymes. The stomach is a muscular bag which churns the food, breaking it down into small pieces.
What do the intestines do?
The food passes through into the small intestine. Here more enzymes are released, breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and fats into smaller molecules.
The smaller molecules are then absorbed in the small intestine by the finger-like structures called villi.
Villi are very good at absorption because they have very thin walls, a large surface area and a strong network of capillaries surrounding them.
What does the rectum do?
The remaining nutrients move through into the large intestine, where the water is absorbed back into the body.
The undigested food molecules that remain form our faeces.
The faeces is passed into the rectum and is excreted from the body through the anus.
Which nutrients do not need to be digested?
Minerals, vitamins and water
What organ follows the stomach in the digestive system?
Small intestine
What is mainly absorbed in the large intestine?
Water
Where is most digested food absorbed?
Most digested food is absorbed in the small intestine.
What is produced when proteins are digested?
Amino acids
What does lipase digest?
Fats
Where does digestion start?
In the mouth
Where is bile produced?
The liver
What gives the small intestine a large surface area?
The villi
