Nutrition

Question 1

What are the two types of proteins and the difference between the two?

Answer 1

• Complete proteins

Provide all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities

• Incomplete proteins

Are deficient in one or more essential amino acids

Question 2

What are Vitamins and what groups are they assigned to?

Answer 2

A vitamin is an essential organic nutrient that functions as a coenzyme in vital enzymatic reactions

Vitamins are assigned to either of two groups based on their chemical structure and characteristics

1. Fat-soluble Vitamins
2. Water-soluble Vitamins

Question 3

What are the different types of Fat Soluble Vitamins?

Answer 3

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Question 4

What vitamin requires an intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

Answer 4

Vitamin B12 since the molecule is too large

Question 5

What is Malabsorption?

Answer 5

Where normal products of digestion do not transverse the intestinal mucosa and enter the bloodstream

Question 6

What are some cases where there is malabsorption of one nutrient?

Answer 6

1. Pernicious Anemia
2. Fat intolerance/ malabsorption
3. Lactose intolerance
4. Sucrose Intolerance

Question 7

What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Answer 7

Lack of Vitamins and minerals leading to low levels of Hemoglobin in the blood.

Question 8

What is Iodine Deficiency?

Answer 8

Where the thyroid gland becomes swollen and there is a deficiency in the thyroid hormone required for growth

Question 9

What is Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 9

Night-blindness can occur from this

Question 10

What part of the brain regulates the appetite?

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

What is the difference between primary and secondary obesity?

Answer 11

Primary obesity is where the energy input is greater than the energy output into the body

Secondary obesity is where there are lesions in the hypothalamic or damage to its neural ciruits

Question 12

What is an example of an anthropometry?

Fitness test
Waist circumference
Weight alone
Hypertension

Answer 12

Weight alone

Question 13

What is a risk factor that does not directly lead to obesity?

Answer 13

Stress

Question 14

What is the metabolic syndrome?

Answer 14

A cluster of 4 interrelated cardiovascular disease risk factors

Upper-body (central) obesity
High blood sugar
Hypertriglyceridaemia
Hypertension

Question 15

What are the treatment options for obesity?

Answer 15

1. Lifestyle modifications
2. Pharmacological approach
3. Bariatric Surgery for patients with extreme obesity

Question 16

What are the 5 criteria for Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 16

• Elevated waist circumference
• Elevated triglyceride levels
• Reduced HDL-C in men
• Elevated blood pressure
• Elevated fasting glucose