Hormones and reproduction

Question 1

List and briefly describe the 3 stages of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 1

Affection - increased oestrogen levels increase the desire to mate

• after no successful fertilization has occurred, the uterus sheds it’s mucosa lining. This leads to a decrease in temperament and an increased need for chocolate, ice cream and mac & cheese (6-7 days).
  3. Normality - after the uteral lining has been shed, hormone levels and temperament returning to norma

Question 2

What is the precursor for steroid reproductive system hormones?

Answer 2

Cholesterol

Question 3

What is the function of testosterone in males?

Answer 3

Increased production with puberty
Promote maturation of sperm
Maintain libido 
Stimulate bone and muscle growth
Male secondary characteristics

Question 4

The Sertoli/nurse cells respond to the hormone?

Answer 4

FSH

Question 5

What hormone do the interstitial (Leydig) cells respond to?

Answer 5

LH

Question 6

What do the nurse and interstitial cells secrete?

Answer 6

Nurse - Produce inhibit

Interstitial - Secretes testosterone

Question 7

What is the Ovarian Cycle?

Answer 7

The development of follicle and ovulation of a single egg

Question 8

What is the role of Oestogen in females?

Answer 8

Increased production with puberty
Stimulate bone and muscle growth
Female secondary characteristics 
Maintenance accessory organs and glands
Simulating endometrial growth and secretion

Question 9

Describe the Early pre- ovulatory/follicular phase

Answer 9

• days 1-5
• endometrium from last cycle shed
• GnRH from hypothalamus released • FSH release from anterior pituitary • follicle (in ovary) contains an oocyte • FSH: stimulates follicle

Question 10

Describe the Pre-ovulatory/follicular phase

Answer 10

• days 6-13
• about 20 follicles start to grow
• they secrete oestrogen & inhibin
• one follicle becomes dominant; rest regress
• rising oestrogen/inhibin reduces FSH/LH
• negative feedback

Question 11

Ovulation

Answer 11

• day 14
• LH surge
• ovulation occurs, and oocyte is free
• oocyte passes to uterine tube

Question 12

What are the key hormones the Uterine cycle?

Answer 12

• FSH: follicle stimulating hormone • stimulates follicles
• LH: luteinizing hormone
• creates corpus luteum; i.e. induces ovulation
• oestrogen: from follicle (& later CL) • progesterone: from corpus luteum • inhibin

Question 13

How many phases does the uterine cycle consist of?

Answer 13

Three

Menstrual
Proliferative
Secretory phase

Question 14

What is the phase of the uterine cycle that involves degeneration of functional zone and sloughing off of tissue?

Answer 14

The Menstrual phase

Question 15

The structure that remains behind after the corpus lute disintegrates is called the

Answer 15

The Corpus Albicans

Question 16

The hormone that is present in human urine and blood that indicates positive for pregnancy is termed

Answer 16

hCG