Diabetes Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three types of diabetes?
A
- Type I diabetes mellitus
- Type II diabetes mellitus
- Gestational diabetes
2
Q
What kind of tissue does the Pancreas contain and what are the names of the types?
A
- The pancreas contains tissue called islets of Langerhans
- The two type of islets are alpha cells (releases glycogen) and beta cells (releases insulin)
3
Q
What is the role of insulin?
A
- Stimulates the transport of glucose into cells
- Produced and stored in beta cells
- Released when BGLs are high (biphasic release)
- Binds to insulin receptors in liver, muscle and fat
4
Q
What are GLUt transporters?
A
- They are membrane proteins that ‘pick up’ glucose from blood
- Decrease in blood glucose levels
- Some GLUTs are insulin dependents (Liver, muscle & fat cells
5
Q
What is Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
A
- Associated with he destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- Mostly in younger people
- Rapidly onset or slow development
- Requires insulin replacement for survival
6
Q
What are the causes for Type I Diabetes?
A
- Extensive damage to pancreatic beta islet cells
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental trigger (e.g. Viral infection, stress dietary proteins)
7
Q
What is Type II diabetes Mellitus?
A
- Where cells become insulin resistance and/or there is insulin deficiency
- Often diagnosed in adults (increasing in children)
- Strong association with obesity (80%)
8
Q
What is the cause for Type II diabetes?
A
- Gene predisposition
- Lifestyle factors (diet & activity levels)
- Two metabolic defect (insulin resistance and deficiency)
9
Q
What is Insulin Resistance and Deficiency?
A
Insulin Resistance:
- Change in the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin signals
- Universal in diabetic people who are obese
Insulin Deficiency:
- Dysfunctional pancreatic beta cells
10
Q
What is Gestational diabetes?
A
- Where the is are elevated BGL during pregnancy
- Insulin resistance develops (high levels of GH & placental hormones)
- Higher levels of blood glucose in fetal bloodstream,
- Increased insulin secretion
- Enhanced growth & large bodyweight
- Alterations in fetal metabolism
