Nutrition

Question 1

Docosahexaeonic acid is essential for growing animals due to its role in _____ and _____ development

Answer 1

Retinal and neuronal

Question 2

Dogs cannot synthesize which vitamin?

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Name the 4 fuels for exercice (in order)

Answer 3

1) creatine phosphate
2) glycolysis
3) beta-oxidation of fat
4) amino acid (through gluconeogenesis)

Question 4

Which vitamins are essential in cats?

Answer 4

D, A and niacin

Question 5

What are the 4 roles of leptin?

Answer 5

1) suppress appetite
2) angiogenesis
3) proinflammation (IL-6)
4) inhibit adiponectin

Question 6

Which 2 hormones, synthesize by L- cells, results in decreased appetite?

Answer 6

CCK and glucagon like peptide

Question 7

What is the primary metabolic fuel source of the GI epithelium ?

Answer 7

Glutamine

Question 8

Why does dietary fat can cause pancreatitis?

Answer 8

1) Increases TLR-4 which will cause the release of COX-2 and NF-KB

Question 9

What are the 2 trace element necessary for thyroid function?

Answer 9

Iodine

Selenium

Question 10

The triglycerides has to be emulsified and hydrolyzed into which component to be absorbed ?

Answer 10

Fatty acids and monoacylglycerides

Question 11

What are the five system that can be affected by hypertriglyceridemia?

Answer 11

Neurological
Ophthalmic 
Renal
GI
Dermatologic

Question 12

Describe the vitamin D pathway

Answer 12

1) absorbed in the SI by bile salt dependent passive diffusion
2) transported into the liver
3) hydroxylated into 25-hydroxy…
4) second hydroxylation in the kidneys

Question 13

What fuel does leukocytes use and which vitamins are required for their optimal response ?

Answer 13

Glucose and glutamine

A and D

Question 14

What is the final product of digestion of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Glucose

Question 15

What are the 2 methods of glucose transportation?

Answer 15

1- Facilitated diffusion ( membrane glucose carrier protein- enhance by insulin)
2- Active sodium-glucose co transport in GI and kidneys

Question 16

How and where is the glucose store?

Answer 16

In the form of glycogen in liver and muscles

Question 17

What are the two stimulus for glycogenolysis ?

Answer 17

Epinephrine

Glucagon

Question 18

What are the two substrate that reacts together to form lactic acid (anaerobic)

Answer 18

Pyruvic acid and NADH

Question 19

What is the second most important mechanism of oxidation of glucose ?

Answer 19

Pentose pyruvate pathway

Store excess glucose into fat

Question 20

What is the formation of carbohydrate from fat and protein called?

Answer 20

Gluconeogenesis

Question 21

Where does gluconeogenesis takes place?

Answer 21

Liver and kidneys

Question 22

Which lipoprotein has the highest concentration of TG?

Answer 22

VLDL

Question 23

Which nutrient is degradated into acetyl coA? Via which transportation factor?

Answer 23

Fatty acids

Carnitin

Question 24

Acetyl coA can condense to form what?

Answer 24

Acetoacetic acid

Question 25

Where are amino acid stored?

Answer 25

Liver, kidney, intestinal epithelium

Question 26

Which globulin is not formed into the liver ?

Answer 26

Gamma

Question 27

Which portion of the hypothalamus result in hunger ? Satiety?

Answer 27

Lateral

Ventromedial

Question 28

Which cytokines can result in fever ?

Answer 28

Il-1