Nutrigenomics and Epigenetics Flashcards
What is epigenomics?
The systematic study of the global gene expression changes due to epigenetic processes and not due to DNA base sequence changes
- Changes in the regulation of the expression of gene activity without alteration of genetic structure
Fish consumption is ? related to dementia
negatively
What increases and decreases risk of cognitive impairment?
Decreases = fatty fish, omega 3 PUFA Increases = cholesterol, sat fat, homocysteine
What is APOE associated with?
CVD, longevity, ageing and cognition (association can be both positive and neg)
What is APOE4 associated with?
- Greater risk for AD
- initially associated with high LDL & total cholesterol & to a lesser degree CVD & lower longevity
N3 PUFA benefits on cognition excludes who?
APOE4 carriers
How does diet affect AB levels (amyloid plaques)?
Low GI and sat fat decreased AB levels whereas high GI increased them
Why does nutrition have an important role in genetics?
- It is unique in that it can directly modify genetic structure and mediate how genetic factors are expressed.
- It is more amenable to modification than many other factors.
why should the GWAS studies be interpreted with caution?
It investigated a small number of subjects
Recent work suggests that ? metabolism is sig different in APOE4 carriers?
DHA
What other common SNP has been identified that was missing from GWAS?
Brain-derived neurotropic factor gene (BDNF)
Which of the 3 main categories of epigenetic alterations have PUFAs been found to effect?
DNA methylation
