Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition and Cognition > Breakfast and Cognitive Function > Flashcards

Breakfast and Cognitive Function Flashcards

1
Q

How much energy in % do our brains use?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much more energy does a child use compared to an adult?

A

200-300% more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What micronutrient are required for key metabolic and control processes in brain development?

A
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Iodine
  • B-vitamins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can iron deficiency throughout the life span cause?

A
  • poorer memory at 9 months
  • Delayed motor development by 10months
  • Delayed cognitive processing by 10 years
  • Altered recognition memory & executive function at 19years
  • Poorer emotional health in mid 20s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does iron supplementation affect IQ?

A

Yes - but only if anaemic or deficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did iron supplementation improve cognition in Rwanda study?

A

Improve cognitive performance - memory search and speed of retrieval in women (18-27 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 2 domains that low iron intakes are associated with?

A
  • Cognitive performance

- Work capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who is most at risk for breakfast skipping?

A

Female adolescents (1 in 7 skip breakfast with an aim to restrict calorie intake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What effect did the school feeding program have on children in Malawi?

A
  • 1 sig effect = improvement in reversal learning (IED task)

Also, middle, upper arm circumference increased more compared to controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why may there have been a lack of effects in the Malawi school feeding program?

A
  • Malawi gov did not pay for 25% of meals

- Mothers of children on program would give other children their home time food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is test sensitivity?

A

the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is test specificity?

A

the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did the study “Effect of BF vs No BF on Corsi Block tapping task” find?

A
  • performance was better following Breakfast.
  • However, a significant condition*IQ interaction was also found
  • for participants with lower IQs, the consumption of breakfast improved performance
  • for higher IQ children - not difference
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some issues with measuring breakfast in studies?

A
  • Sample - e.g. including breakfast skippers (won’t be used to breakfast)
  • hard to blind conditions
  • ecological validity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Cooper et al (2001) find about breakfast?

A

Performance on day when they had breakfast didn’t decline as much as when they didn’t have breakfast = maintenance of performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Defeyter & Russo (2013) find about breakfast?

A

Small enhancement of performance in breakfast condition

17
Q

What did Adolphus et al find about breakfast on mood and cognition?

A
  • Reaction time = Movement time was significantly faster following breakfast vs. no breakfast
  • Sustained attention = No effect of condition on any indices of visual sustained attention
  • Immediate visual-spatial memory = No effect of condition on any indices of immediate visual-spatial memory
  • Mood = There was an advantage for breakfast for each of the eight subjective states assessed.
    (These effects were apparent immediately after consuming breakfast and continued until the mid- or late-morning)
18
Q

What are the domain specific effects of breakfast on cognition?

A

Cog domains = Attention, memory, and executive function

Other domains = maths and cognition

19
Q

What did Wesnes’ (2013) breakfast study find?

A
  • Benefit of breakfast on ‘power of attention’ and ‘quality of episodic memory’
  • Advantage of breakfast but small effect of breakfast type (little difference between Cheerios and Shreddies)
20
Q

What does the evidence suggest about GI/GL breakfasts?

A
  • differing GI/GL, energy, high CHO vs. high PRO
  • Few studies and inconsistent findings
  • Emerging evidence that low GI/GL is more beneficial
  • Suggests that the post-prandial blood glucose profile may mediate the effects
21
Q

How does breakfast affect academic performance?

A
  • positivity effects for on-task classroom behaviour
  • Less consistent = distractible, hyperactive & disruptive behaviour
  • Effects in: Well & undernourished, Low SES & more affluent
  • positive effects in maths and arithmetic
22
Q

How does breakfast affect GCSE performance?

A
  • School-day breakfast skipping was negatively associated GCSE performance (10 points lower)
  • Rarely consuming breakfast on school days was significantly associated with lower odds for higher Mathematics grades compared to frequent school-day breakfast consumption (effect specific to low/middle SES)
23
Q

What is Breakfast skipping is associated with?

A
  • Increased levels of snack food consumption

- increased likelihood of being overweight or obese

24
Q

What did the school breakfast program in Peru find?

A
  • Showed effects on a number of measures
  • Depending on the type school
  • In better schools – less effect was shown
  • In mixed ability school – positive effect of breakfast
25
Q

What may be a confounder to the breakfast - cognition link?

A
  • Decreased absenteeism
  • IQ
  • SES
26
Q

Is there evidence for breakfast composition on cognition

A

No (little)

27
Q

In the essential reading, what did the study of breakfast on CAT performance find?

A

there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that habitual breakfast skipping is negatively associated with CAT performance in this sample of 11- to 13-year olds.

28
Q

Why can it not be confidently be concluded that habitual breakfast consumption has no association with academic performance?

A

Because a proxy indicator for direct measures of academic performance was used.

29
Q

What tests are not sensitive and which may be more sensitive to effects of breakfast on cognition

A

Not sensitive = reasoning tests

More sensitive = achievement tests

Nutrition and Cognition (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions