Nutrients and Absorption Flashcards
Give an example of monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, fructose
Where are monosaccharides broken down?
The small intestine
Describe the structure of disaccharides
Two monosaccharides linked together by a glycosidic bond
Where are disaccharides broken down?
The brush border of the small intestine
What bonds are present in starch molecules?
Alpha 1-4 Glycosidic Bonds
What hydrolyses starch?
Amylases
What bonds are present in cellulose?
Beta 1-4 Glycosidic bonds
What bonds are present in glycogen?
Alpha 1-4 Glycosidic bonds
Describe transcellular transportation
Movement of molecules from the apical membrane to the basolateral membrane (or vice versa) without the need for transport proteins
Describe vectorial transport
Movement of molecules across membranes requiring transport proteins
Describe the glucose symport
Na/KATPase pumps 2 K ions in and 3 Na ions out into the blood, creating a downward gradient. The SGLT1 protein uses the energy fro this gradient to transport Na ions and glucose across the apical membrane. Na is used in the Na/KATPase and glucose enters the blood via a GLUT-2 transport protein
What proteins transport fructose?
GLUT-5 and GLUT-2
What bonds link amino acids to make protein chains?
Peptide bonds
What hydrolyses peptide bonds?
Proteases or peptidases
Where is fat digested?
The small intestine
