NUTR 12 Antioxidants

Question 1

Name the nutrients that act as antioxidants

Answer 1

Vitamine A, C, E and beta carotene

Question 2

What are antioxidants?

Answer 2

Protect our cells from damage caused by oxidation

Question 3

What is oxidation?

Answer 3

When an atom loses an electron

Question 4

What is reduction?

Answer 4

When an atom gains an electron

Question 5

What are free radicals?

Answer 5

Atoms with unpaired electrons remain unpaired

Question 6

How does oxygen become a free radical?

Answer 6

Oxygen accepts an extra electron making it 9 electrons - becomes unstable

Question 7

What ways are free radicals formed in the body?

Answer 7

Oxidation reactions in the body
Other metabolic processes
Environmental pollutants

Question 8

How does a free radical stabilize itself?

Answer 8

It steals an electron from a stable molecule which creates a chain reaction

Question 9

Why is having free radicals in the cell membrane harmful?

Answer 9

Disrupts transport
Alters protein function
Disrupts cell function

Question 10

What diseases do oxidative stress put you at risk for?

Answer 10

Cancer 
Heart disease 
Diabetes 
Arthritis 
Cataracts 
Kidney disease 
Alzheimer's disease 
Parkinson's disease

Question 11

How do antioxidants work?

Answer 11

1) Give their electrons to free radicals which stabilizes the free radicals
2) certain minerals such as selenium work in antioxidant enzyme systems to convert radical into less damaging substances

Question 12

How can antioxidants prevent cancer?

Answer 12

Enhance immune system
-destroy precancerous cells
inhibit group of cells
prevent oxidative damage to cell’s DNA

Question 13

How can antioxidants prevent CVD?

Answer 13

Find and stabilize free radicals
decrease blood coagulation and clot formation
decrease inflammation

Question 14

How can antioxidants prevent vision impairment?

Answer 14

Prevent oxidative damage in the eyes during aging

Prevent macular degeneration

Question 15

What is the leading cause of legal blinds among Canadians?

Answer 15

macular degeneration

Question 16

What is macular degeneration?

Answer 16

Damage to the macular which is the centre of our retina

Question 17

Explain shit about VIT C

Answer 17

AKA ascorbic acid
freely in blood
not stored in body
should be eaten regularly

Question 18

What animals can’t make VIT C?

Answer 18

monkeys. apes, guinea pigs and fruit bats

Question 19

What does vitamin C do?

Answer 19

Major water soluble antioxidant
“recharges” Vitamin E
protects lungs from ozone an s cigarette smoke
Collagen synthesis
DNA synthesis, neurotransmitter ands some hormones
increase immunity

Question 20

Does VIT C prevent cold?

Answer 20

doesn’t prevent it but decreases its severity

Question 21

What is a non heme iron?

Answer 21

Not a part of hemoglobin or myglobin
Found in plant foods
Vit C converts ferric (Fe 3+) to Ferrous (Fe 2+) iron
Vit C optimizes the absorption of Iron rich foods

Question 22

Where do you find Vit C?

Answer 22

Citrus, potatoes, broccoli, peppers

Question 23

What can destroy Vit C?

Answer 23

Heat and oxygen
Boiling water
Microwaving

Question 24

What if you get too little Vit C?

Answer 24

Scurvey

-bleeding guns, loose teeth, bone pain, swelling and diarrhea

Question 25

How does collagen molecule look like with or without Vit C?

Answer 25

Its weak and abnormal without Vit C | Its strong and healthy cross linked connective tissue with Vit C

Question 26

What if we get too much Vit C from food?

Answer 26

Excreted because its water soluble

Question 27

What if we get too much Vit C from supplements?

Answer 27

Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps and nosebleeds

Question 28

What does too much Vit C have to do with kidney stones?

Answer 28

Develop kidney stones

Question 29

Why is chewable supplements bad?

Answer 29

Damage tooth enamel because its a strong acid

Question 30

Describe Vit E

Answer 30

``` AKA Alpha-Tocopherol Fat soluble -absorb better if you eat it with fat - absorbed in the intestines with fat in micelles -transport in blood Via Liproteins -stored in fat cells ```

Question 31

What does Vit E do?

Answer 31

Acts as an antioxidant by donating electrons Protect cell membranes development and maintenance of nerves and muscles Increase absorption of Vit A if dietary intake is low Prevent LDL cholesterol from oxidation Reduces inflammation Reduces blood clotting

Question 32

What does double bonds have to do with oxidation?

Answer 32

The more double bonds, the easier the oxidation reaction

Question 33

What is the key and the lock?

Answer 33

LDL-cholesterol is the key and the receptor on cell surface is the lock

Question 34

What happens if the key fits the lock?

Answer 34

LDL cholesterol taken from blood into the cell

Question 35

What happens if the key does not fits the lock?

Answer 35

LDL cholesterol becomes oxidized and stay in the blood creating plaque buildup

Question 36

What are sources of Vitamin E?

Answer 36

PUFA | olive oil, nuts, spinach, avocado

Question 37

What is Vit E destroyed by?

Answer 37

Oxygen, light , high heat cooking

Question 38

What happens if we get too little Vit E?

Answer 38

Defiency is uncommon | We have stored it in our fat cells and Vit C can restore Vit E

Question 39

What are the symptoms of Vit E deficiency?

Answer 39

Nerve damage, impaired vision, speech | bursting of RBC

Question 40

What is the relationship between Vit E and CVD?

Answer 40

Higher levels of Vit E from diet associated with lower risks of death from CVD

Question 41

How does Vit E help CVD?

Answer 41

Reduces inflammation Reduces oxidized LDL Reduces blood clotting

Question 42

What does research say about Vit E supplements?

Answer 42

CVD is not decreased from Vit E supplements only from food sources

Question 43

What if we get too much Vit E?

Answer 43

Only from supplements Have to be over 50 times the RDA Nausea, upset stomach

Question 44

What are the 3 forms of Vit A?

Answer 44

Retinol, retinal, (ol and al- eye sight) and retanoic acid (cells)

Question 45

What slide did i leave off at?

Answer 45

Slide 58