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Biochemistry > NUTR 12 Antioxidants > Flashcards

NUTR 12 Antioxidants Flashcards

1
Q

Name the nutrients that act as antioxidants

A

Vitamine A, C, E and beta carotene

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2
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

Protect our cells from damage caused by oxidation

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3
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When an atom loses an electron

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4
Q

What is reduction?

A

When an atom gains an electron

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5
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Atoms with unpaired electrons remain unpaired

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6
Q

How does oxygen become a free radical?

A

Oxygen accepts an extra electron making it 9 electrons - becomes unstable

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7
Q

What ways are free radicals formed in the body?

A

Oxidation reactions in the body
Other metabolic processes
Environmental pollutants

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8
Q

How does a free radical stabilize itself?

A

It steals an electron from a stable molecule which creates a chain reaction

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9
Q

Why is having free radicals in the cell membrane harmful?

A

Disrupts transport
Alters protein function
Disrupts cell function

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10
Q

What diseases do oxidative stress put you at risk for?

A 
Cancer 
Heart disease 
Diabetes 
Arthritis 
Cataracts 
Kidney disease 
Alzheimer's disease 
Parkinson's disease
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11
Q

How do antioxidants work?

A

1) Give their electrons to free radicals which stabilizes the free radicals
2) certain minerals such as selenium work in antioxidant enzyme systems to convert radical into less damaging substances

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12
Q

How can antioxidants prevent cancer?

A

Enhance immune system
-destroy precancerous cells
inhibit group of cells
prevent oxidative damage to cell’s DNA

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13
Q

How can antioxidants prevent CVD?

A

Find and stabilize free radicals
decrease blood coagulation and clot formation
decrease inflammation

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14
Q

How can antioxidants prevent vision impairment?

A

Prevent oxidative damage in the eyes during aging

Prevent macular degeneration

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15
Q

What is the leading cause of legal blinds among Canadians?

A

macular degeneration

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16
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

Damage to the macular which is the centre of our retina

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17
Q

Explain shit about VIT C

A

AKA ascorbic acid
freely in blood
not stored in body
should be eaten regularly

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18
Q

What animals can’t make VIT C?

A

monkeys. apes, guinea pigs and fruit bats

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19
Q

What does vitamin C do?

A

Major water soluble antioxidant
“recharges” Vitamin E
protects lungs from ozone an s cigarette smoke
Collagen synthesis
DNA synthesis, neurotransmitter ands some hormones
increase immunity

20
Q

Does VIT C prevent cold?

A

doesn’t prevent it but decreases its severity

21
Q

What is a non heme iron?

A

Not a part of hemoglobin or myglobin
Found in plant foods
Vit C converts ferric (Fe 3+) to Ferrous (Fe 2+) iron
Vit C optimizes the absorption of Iron rich foods

22
Q

Where do you find Vit C?

A

Citrus, potatoes, broccoli, peppers

23
Q

What can destroy Vit C?

A

Heat and oxygen
Boiling water
Microwaving

24
Q

What if you get too little Vit C?

A

Scurvey

-bleeding guns, loose teeth, bone pain, swelling and diarrhea

25
Q

How does collagen molecule look like with or without Vit C?

A

Its weak and abnormal without Vit C

Its strong and healthy cross linked connective tissue with Vit C

26
Q

What if we get too much Vit C from food?

A

Excreted because its water soluble

27
Q

What if we get too much Vit C from supplements?

A

Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps and nosebleeds

28
Q

What does too much Vit C have to do with kidney stones?

A

Develop kidney stones

29
Q

Why is chewable supplements bad?

A

Damage tooth enamel because its a strong acid

30
Q

Describe Vit E

A 
AKA Alpha-Tocopherol 
Fat soluble 
  -absorb better if you eat it with fat 
  - absorbed in the intestines with fat in micelles 
  -transport in blood Via Liproteins 
  -stored in fat cells
31
Q

What does Vit E do?

A

Acts as an antioxidant by donating electrons
Protect cell membranes
development and maintenance of nerves and muscles
Increase absorption of Vit A if dietary intake is low
Prevent LDL cholesterol from oxidation
Reduces inflammation
Reduces blood clotting

32
Q

What does double bonds have to do with oxidation?

A

The more double bonds, the easier the oxidation reaction

33
Q

What is the key and the lock?

A

LDL-cholesterol is the key and the receptor on cell surface is the lock

34
Q

What happens if the key fits the lock?

A

LDL cholesterol taken from blood into the cell

35
Q

What happens if the key does not fits the lock?

A

LDL cholesterol becomes oxidized and stay in the blood creating plaque buildup

36
Q

What are sources of Vitamin E?

A

PUFA

olive oil, nuts, spinach, avocado

37
Q

What is Vit E destroyed by?

A

Oxygen, light , high heat cooking

38
Q

What happens if we get too little Vit E?

A

Defiency is uncommon

We have stored it in our fat cells and Vit C can restore Vit E

39
Q

What are the symptoms of Vit E deficiency?

A

Nerve damage, impaired vision, speech

bursting of RBC

40
Q

What is the relationship between Vit E and CVD?

A

Higher levels of Vit E from diet associated with lower risks of death from CVD

41
Q

How does Vit E help CVD?

A

Reduces inflammation
Reduces oxidized LDL
Reduces blood clotting

42
Q

What does research say about Vit E supplements?

A

CVD is not decreased from Vit E supplements only from food sources

43
Q

What if we get too much Vit E?

A

Only from supplements
Have to be over 50 times the RDA
Nausea, upset stomach

44
Q

What are the 3 forms of Vit A?

A

Retinol, retinal, (ol and al- eye sight) and retanoic acid (cells)

45
Q

What slide did i leave off at?

A

Slide 58

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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