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Biochemistry > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, sugar and N-containing base (Purine or pyramidine)

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2
Q

What is a nucleoside?

A

Sugar and N-containing base (Purine or pyramiding)

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3
Q

What is the function of the phosphate group?

A

forms covalent phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides

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4
Q

How many ring(s) does a pyramidine have?

A

2

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5
Q

How many ring(s) does purine have?

A

1

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6
Q

What kind of ribose does RNA have?

A

it has a hydroxyl group

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7
Q

What kind of ribose does DNA have?

A

it has an H group

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8
Q

What is Chargaff’s rule?

A

A=C and G=C

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9
Q

What are the basic features of DNA?

A 
Antiparallel 
Righted handed double helix 
10 base pairs per turn 
A with T 
G with C
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10
Q

What is chromatin?

A

A complex of DNA, protein and RNA found in the chromosomes

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11
Q

How is DNA coiled? Why?

A

Supercoiled and the stored energy in supercoiled DNA is used in many DNA transactions that require opening of the DNA double helix including DNA replication, transcription and DNA repair.

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12
Q

What are histone proteins?

A

Basic proteins that act like spools for DNA to wound up on

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13
Q

List some aspects of histones

A

highly conserved proteins
Basic
Structural role in chromatin
Positively charged which interact with negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA

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14
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

A nucleosome has a core of 8 histone proteins and DNA is wrapped around it but it is also anchored by a 9th histone

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15
Q

What are linker regions?

A

Linker regions are regions in between nucleosomes and they are susceptible to digestion by an endonuclease

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16
Q

What are the levels of DNA packaging?

A

3 levels

DNA double helix—> Nucleosomes—> chromatin fibre—> chromosome

17
Q

What is the function of the eukaryotic centromeres?

A

Directs chromosome movement into daughter cells at cell division

18
Q

What is the function of mammalian centromeres?

A

Contain satellite DNA sequences (AT-rich) repeated many thousands of times

19
Q

What is a kinetochore?

A

Proteins assemble on the centromere to form the kinetochore

20
Q

What is the function of a kinetochore?

A

Kinetochores are attachment site for the spindle fibres which pull chromatids apart

21
Q

What is a “shelterin” complex?

A

A “shelterin” complex at the telomere protects chromosome ends from degradation

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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