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NUR102 > Nursing fundamentals chapter 37 > Flashcards

Nursing fundamentals chapter 37 Flashcards

1
Q

What does perception of reality (reality orientation) include?

A

awareness to time, place, and situation, and self.

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2
Q

People who experience alterations in reality perception are?

A

people with affective disorders, such as depression.

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3
Q

Intelligence is the measurable product of intellenctual functioning, which consists of?

A

memory, comprehension, and concentration.

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4
Q

What is the basic process by which people know their location in the dimensions or time and place, and the ability to know who one self is?

A

orientation

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5
Q

What is the processing of reasoning is?

A

judgement

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6
Q

What are abilities used to retrieve information from long term and short term memory?

A

Recall and recognition

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7
Q

What are cognitive characteristics that can be developed and need practice to remain actively useful?

A

recell and recognition

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8
Q

What is the sum of the various thinking processes through which a person gains, stores, manipulates, and expresses knowledge?

A

cognition

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9
Q

awareness itself is called?

A

consciousness

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10
Q

the ability to concentrate on and take in specific sensory stimuli is called?

A

attention

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11
Q

the ability to recall a thought at least once and usually again is called?

A

memory

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12
Q

the exchange of information between at least two people and involves the use of language to store, process, and transmit thought context is called?

A

communication

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13
Q

the capability of the nervous system to store memories is called?

A

learning

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14
Q

What begins when the information enters the persons awareness through these senses: consciousness, thoughts, memory, speech, and learning?

A

Perception of information

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of normal cognition?

A
  • intelligence
  • reality perception
  • orientation
  • judgement
  • recell and recogntion
  • language
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16
Q

what is the measurable product of intellectual functioning, which consists of memory, comprehension, and concentration?

A

intelligence

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17
Q

What is complex and depends on functioning sensory receptors, neurotransmission, and intact central processing?

A

reality perception

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18
Q

What is the basic process by which people know their location in the dimensions or time and place, and the ability to know who one self is?

A

Orientation

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19
Q

What is the ability to process incoming stimuli and to determine the complex meanings associated with many aspects of a situation? This is also the process of reasoning.

A

Judgement

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20
Q

What is the abilities used to retrieve information from long and short term memory?

A

recall and recognition

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21
Q

What is the ability to convey needsd and ideas, and feelings through the systematic use of symbols?

A

language

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22
Q

What are the normal cognitive patterns?

A
  • attending
  • perceiving
  • thinking
  • learning
  • remembering
  • communicating
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23
Q

What is the process of concentrating on a specific stimulus without being distracted by other, irrelevant stimuli?

A

attending

24
Q

What is the process of receiving and interpreting sensory stimuli tha function as a basis for understanding, knowning, or learning.

A

perceiving

25
Q

perceiving obtains information through?

A
  • vision
  • hearing
  • touching
  • taste
  • smell
26
Q

What is the process of sorting, organizing, and categorizing information to form mental concepts or perceptions?

A

Thinking

27
Q

What is the multidimensional process of acquiring knowledge that depends on abstract functions such as symbols, language, classifications, and concepts as well as concrete operations?

A

learning

28
Q

Experiences, ideas, and images are chemically coded and intergraded for later retrieval is called?

A

remembering

29
Q

Communicating is done is serveral ways what are they?

A
  • verbally
  • nonverbally (through facial expressions)
  • body posture
  • movements
  • gestures
  • touch
30
Q

All of these factors affect?

  • blood flow
  • nutrition and metabolism
  • fluid and metabolism
  • sleep and rest
  • self-concept
  • infectious process
  • degenerative process
  • medication
  • head trama
A

cognitive function

31
Q

What is needed to function optimally, all cells need a continuous oxygen supply. Oxygenation depends on resp. and circulatory function and hemoglobin production. (any interruption to the brain cells causes cellular hypoxia, resulting in changes in function)

A

blood flow

32
Q

What does the brain cells need glucose and other nutrients for?

A

Nutrition and metabolism

33
Q

brain cells require a constant extracellular environment balance of what?

A

fluid and electrolyte balance

34
Q

What allows people to regain enegry for cognitive functions, and is necessary for consolidating learning and moving information from short term to long term memory?

A

sleep and rest

35
Q

What process does the CNS, including encephalitis and brain abscesses, and the subsequent inflammatory response of nerve cells, are obvious causes of altered cognition (confusion and lethargy).

A

Infectious process

36
Q

What process contributing to degeneration of the brain cells may ultimately affect cognitive function. Causes: organisms, aging, or unknown sources. Can impair judgement, insight, planning, memory, problem solving, and communication.

A

Degenerative process

37
Q

What can primarily act on the CNS and impair thinking and cause confusion (think benzodiazepines). Also the ones that don’t act on the CNS can also cause confusion, wither alone or in combination.

A

Medications

38
Q

What communication problems in head-injury patients are usually compounded by impairments in cognitive function, such as behavior, memory, orientation and attention. (falls and motor vehicle crashes are the most common causes.

A

Head trauma

39
Q

what is an acute change in mentation and represents a high risk to patients?
HINT: there are three types: hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed

A

delirium

40
Q

Name the types on altered cognitive function:

A
  • delirium
  • sundown syndrome
  • schizophrenia
  • altered level of arousal
  • altered attention
  • memory impairment
  • aphasia - three types:expressive, receptive, anomic, global
  • dysarthria
41
Q

limited speech that is slow and halting with great effort, reduced grammar, and poor articulation. Has problems with word retrieval is called?

A

expressive aphasia

42
Q

anomia means?

A

problems with word retrieval

43
Q

speech is well articulated and has good melody. Impaired auditory comprehension and feedback. Difficulty understanding spoken and written words. They make talk but not make since. Unaware of language impairment. This is called?

A

receptive aphasia

44
Q

When one speaks fluent, but talks around the subject it is called?

A

anomic aphasia

45
Q

What results from severe and extensive damage to all language areas. Cannot speak or understand speech, or read or write.

A

Global aphasia

46
Q

a group of speech disorders that result from a disturbance of motor control, weakness, paralysis, or incoordination of the oral musculature. Usually have normal auditory comprehension and can select and order words correctly. Slurred speech, heavy, or unclear. What is this called?

A

Dysarthria

47
Q

-normal pattern identification
-risk identification
-dysfunction identification
-physical assessment
-diagnostic tests and procedures
these are all?

A

assessments that can identify cognitive process/ function safety

48
Q

The collection of subjective data is?

A

normal pattern identification

49
Q

flat means?

A

no sign of emotion

50
Q

labile means?

A

wide fluctuation in emotions

51
Q

what assess for physiologic, psychological, and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of impaired cognitive processes?

A

risk identification

52
Q

When identifying dysfunction use?

A

clear information identifying the dysfunction.

53
Q

Physical assessment provides?

A

clues as to the source of altered cognitive process.

  • 02 levels
  • electrolytes
  • metabolic by products lethargy, mild confusion, impaired thinking
  • lab evaluation
  • assess!!!!!! everything
54
Q

Arterial oxygen levels should be above?

A

60mm hg

55
Q

Electrolyte levels should be between?

A

8.5 and 10.5 mg/dl

if it exceeds 14mg confusion is common

56
Q

Ammonia and urea are potentially toxic by products of?

A

protein metabolism

NUR102 (12 decks)

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