Fundamentals Chapter 35

Question 1

What is “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage”

Answer 1

Pain

Question 2

What involves the normal processing of painful stimuli and is described in terms of a four-step process that occurs when acute pain become a conscious event?

Answer 2

nociception

Question 3

What fibers give rise to bright, sharp, well-localized pain that is immediately associated with the injury?

Answer 3

A-delta fibers

Question 4

What fibers are slow conducting and cause a second pain sensation that is dull, poorly localized, and persistent after injury?

Answer 4

C-fibers

Question 5

What are the steps occurring during pain transmission?

Answer 5

Nociceptors respond to stimuli > signals are carried to the dorsal horn or the spinal cord > crossed and uncrossed pathways carry the signals to the thalamus > information is conveyed to the sensory cortex

Question 6

What is the inhibition of nociceptive impulses in the CNS? (releases naturally occurring pain inhibitory substances that decrease pain sensations)

Answer 6

modulation

Question 7

What is the result of potential or actual tissue injury and includes activation of nociceptive nerve fibers at the site of localized injury?
-time limited

Answer 7

Acute pain

Question 8

Physiological responses to acute pain are?

Answer 8

^ heart rate
^ resp.
^ bp

Question 9

Behavioral response to acute pain are?

Answer 9

facial grimacing

inability to cough/deep breathe

Question 10

Which pain serves no useful purpose, and persists longer than 3 to 6 months?

Answer 10

chronic pain

Question 11

Physiological responses and behavioral responses to chronic pain are?

Answer 11

usually not present.

Question 12

What pain pts at all stages of their disease and treatment require dedicated attention to pain management as part of their treatment continuum?

Answer 12

cancer pain pts.

Question 13

Cancer pain can have two types of pain what are they?

Answer 13

acute and chronic.

Question 14

What type of patients have been shown to be reluctant to report pain out of fear that this is an indication that their illness has progressed?

Answer 14

cancer patients.

Question 15

Nociceptive pain has two unique pain types what are they?

Answer 15

somatic pain and visceral pain.

Question 16

What nociceptive pain originates in the bone, skin, and soft tissue and is often well localized?
-pain will be described as throbbing, aching.

Answer 16

somatic pain

Question 17

What nociceptive pain originates internally and is the result of stretching, distention, inflammation, or damage to the hollow and solid organs?

• pain will be described as aching, throbbing, cramping, pressure, deep, or radiating.
• difficult to pinpoint.

Answer 17

visceral pain

Question 18

What pain arises from damage to the peripheral nerves or the CNS and unlike nociceptive pain is the result of abnormal sensory input?
-not all pts with nerve damage will experience pain.

Answer 18

neuropathic pain

Question 19

how do patients describe neuropathic pain?

Answer 19

tingling, itching, burning, cold, prickly, or shocklike.

Question 20

Affective factors affecting pain are?

Answer 20

• suffering is an emotional response associated with increased pain but pain and suffering are not synonymous.
• joy and pleasure can help relieve pain perception.

Question 21

Behavioral factors affecting pain are?

Answer 21

• when some activities cause pain to be noticed or increased patients will refrain from doing the activity with it not always best. especially if they enjoy the activity it can lead to anxiety, depression.
• distraction can also help with pain.