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Microbiology > Nurs 124 Definitions > Flashcards

Nurs 124 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

regression

A

Returning to an earlier, more primitive form of behaviour in the face of a threat to self-esteem. Example: An adult sulks rather than using problem solving to deal with a difficult situation.

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2
Q

repression

A

Unconscious forgetting of parts or all of an experience. Example: A woman who was sexually abused as a child may have no memories of the event, but she remains uncomfortable with physical touch as an adult.

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3
Q

denial

A

Unconscious refusal to allow painful facts, feelings, or perceptions into awareness. Example: A man with a drug addiction will not admit he has a problem despite considerable evidence and feedback from others

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4
Q

rationalization

A

Offering a plausible excuse or explanation for unacceptable behaviour. Example: A woman who does not get a job promotion rationalizes that she did not want the job anyway.

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5
Q

projection

A

Attributing unacceptable feelings, facts, behaviours, or attitudes to others; usually expressed as blame. Example: An aggressive person sees others as hostile and angry

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6
Q

displacement

A

Redirecting feeling onto an object of person considered less of a threat than the original object or person. Example: A man who gets angry at himself for losing money at the casino takes his anger out on his wife.

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7
Q

intellectualization

A

Unconscious focusing on only the intellectual and not the emotional aspects of a situation or circumstance

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8
Q

reaction formation

A

Unconscious assuming of traits opposite of undesirable behaviours. Example: Being overly friendly or helpful to someone you dislike.

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9
Q

sublimation

A

Redirecting socially unacceptable unconscious thoughts and feelings into socially approved outlets. Example: Dealing with anger through involvement with martial arts

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10
Q

undoing

A

Verbal expression or actions representing one feeling, followed by an expression of the direct opposite

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11
Q

acting out

A

Emotional conflicts are dealt with through action instead of dealing directly with feelings. Example: A young child deals with her frustrations by breaking her doll

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12
Q

splitting

A

Seeing or experiencing things only as polar opposites. Example: Seeing others as either perfect or totally inadequate. This defense prevents people from considering more balanced views and expectations of self and others

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13
Q

suppression

A

Deliberately avoiding thinking about feelings or thoughts that provoke anxiety.

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14
Q

covenant

A

binding agreement- promise to be a person to achieve a shared goal. Based in relationship between people, it is rooted in values and morals. Mutual, internal.

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15
Q

contract

A

applies to the whole of society and its members, arrangement, transactional, external

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16
Q

caring (caring service)

A

given with compassion and promote the ideals of the patient (patient centered care). The needs of the patients are placed in a high priority and that nurses provide physical and emotional comfort to patients.

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17
Q

Transmission model of communication

A
  • linear, one way process
    focuses on the sender and the message
  • not representative of effective communciation
  • responsibility is put on the sender
  • noise can interfere with the message meant to be sent (environmental and semantic)
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18
Q

Interaction model of communication

A

interactive, 2 way process
feedback- includes messages in response to the messsages
more interaaction focused
takes physical and psychological context into account

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19
Q

transaction model of communication

A

communication as a process where communicators generate social realities to create relationships, form intercultural alliances, shape self-concept, engage with others in dialogue to create communities
both are referred to as communicators
you are simultaneously a sender and reciever

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20
Q

therapeutic communication

A

foundation of nurse- client relationship, has a specific purpose
intended to develop effective interpersonal relationship

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21
Q

definition of barriers to communication

A

anything that interupts communication

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22
Q

bridges to communication

A
  • caring and respect
  • trust and veracity
  • mutuality
  • empathy
  • confidentiality
  • ethical behavior
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23
Q

barriers to communication examples

A
  • anxiety
    -stereotyping
  • space violations
  • confidentiality violation
24
Q

anxiety

A
  • barrier to effective communication
  • cause defnece mechanisms to be activted
  • vague, persistant feeling of impending doom
  • universal feeling
    -impact is uncomfortable
25
Q

what are defense mechanisms?

A
  • coping styles
  • automatic, phychological processses that protect individual against anxiety
26
Q

what are properties of defense mechanisms?

A
  • means of managing conflict and affects
  • unconscious
  • discrete from one another
    -reversible
27
Q

strategies for addressing anxiety

A
  • active listening
  • honesty
  • explain procedures
  • act calm
  • speak clearly
  • give info
  • set limits and structure
  • distraction strategies
  • self regulation
28
Q

culture

A

set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of a soceity or social group which encompasses lifestyles, ways of living, traditions, and beliefs

29
Q

what is a relational approach to culture?

A
  • it is not static but it is dynamic–> culture is always changing
  • we need to be aware of how culture impacts communication
  • people are seletively responding and integrating historical, political, economic, etc structures
30
Q

what is constuctivist culture

A
  • shared patterns, values, and behaviour
  • relational
  • expansive
  • dynamic
  • selectively responding and integrating
  • people relate to multiple cultures
31
Q

spirituality

A

connectedness, transcendence, meaning

32
Q

relationship between culture and spirituality

A

culture and spirituatliy intersect

33
Q

what is a relational approach to culture and spirituality

A
  • positioning youself as an inquirer who is in a space of knowing and not knowing, being curious, and looking for what seems significant
34
Q

cultural awareness

A

being concious of one’s own culturally shaped values, beliefs, perceptions, and biases. Observing ones reactions to cultures who differ from their own

35
Q

cultural sensitivity

A

being aware that cultural differences and similarities between people exist without assigning them a value- positive or negative, better or worse.

36
Q

culture knowledge

A

knowing some cultural characteristics, history, value, beliefs, behaviors of another ethnic or cultural group

37
Q

culture competence

A

the ability of a person to effectively interact, work, and develop meaningful relationships with people of various cultural backgrounds.

38
Q

culture safety

A

environment which is spiritually, socially, and emotionally safe, as well as physically safe for people that allows them not to deny their identity

39
Q

cultural humility

A

ongoing process of self-exploration and self-critique combined with a willingness to learn from others.

40
Q

phases of the nurse patient relationship

A

1) orientation
2) working- engagement and assesment- problem solving, planning
3) resolution- problem resolved, evaluation

41
Q

facilitative strategies

A

“uh huh”, “Tell me more”, nodding. Strategies that encourage individuals to elaborate.

42
Q

open-ended questions

A

questions that seek narrative information, are general or broad, and that cannot be answered with one word, usually begin with who, what, where, when, how, and sometimes why

43
Q

closed questions

A

can usually be answered with one or two words; ‘yes’ or ‘no’; typically begin with can, did, are, have, is, will, would, do

44
Q

focused question

A

centre on key elements of the narrative where you need further

45
Q

paraphrasing

A

transforming the patient’s message into your own words without losing the meaning

46
Q

summarizing

A

pulling information together across the interaction or several interactions, followed by a request for validation that your understanding is correct

47
Q

clarifying

A

seeking more information or elaboration of something that was said (often using focused questions)

48
Q

SURETY

A

Sit at an angle
Uncross your arms
Relax
Eye contact
Touch
Your intuition

49
Q

empathy

A

understanding another person’s emotions and experiences while suspending your own view point

50
Q

attunement

A

occurs when one person allows his/her state of mind to be influenced by another. A phrased sometime used is when one “feels felt” by the other person. Allowing your own internal state to shift

51
Q

validation

A

confirming with another person one’s thoughts or feelings with respect to a specific event or behaviour
Or
o Trying to hear, understand, and acknowledge a person’s feeling as important
o Accept the person’s feeling for what it is
o Making the connection between the person’s behaviour and his/her feeling

52
Q

silence

A

used intentionally; allows the patients to think, but non-verbally expressing interest

53
Q

sharing observations

A

communicate what you see, starts conversation, without judgement or unwarranted conclusions; You look tired versus You look tired, were you up all night?

54
Q

sharing hope

A

communicating a sense of possibility;

55
Q

touch

A

identified as a way to build trust; communicate human connection; ensure clarity in intention of the use of touch (emotional support, attending, comfort); follow pts lead; use with caution.

56
Q

challenging distortions

A

presenting the patient with a different perspective of the situation

57
Q

reframing

A

offering a different positive interpretation designed to broaden the patient’s perspective

Microbiology (11 decks)

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