Chapter 17: Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses

Question 1

antigen

Answer 1

substance that stimulate/ cause body to produce specific antibodies or sensitize T cells

Question 2

antibody

Answer 2

proteins made in response to an Ag: can combine specifically with that Ag

Question 3

complement

Answer 3

serum proteins that bind Ab and help in Ag-Ab reaction ( cell lysis)- destruction of the pathogens

Question 4

serology

Answer 4

study of reactions between Ab and Ag

Question 5

Antiserum

Answer 5

generic term for serum because it contains Ab

Question 6

globulins

Answer 6

serum proteins

Question 7

immunoglobulins

Answer 7

antibodies, S. different classes

Question 8

specific immunity requirements

Answer 8

• must recognize the pathogen or antigen
• must be able to destroy the pathogen
• must remember original pathogens after a long period has elasped
• must discriminate between self and nonself cells

Question 9

2 types of lymphocytes in acquired immunity

Answer 9

all lymphocytes produced from lymphoid stem cells in bone marrow
- some remain and mature in bone marrow: B cells (bone) and others mature in the thymus: T cells (thymus)
- B cells produce antibodies

Question 10

2 classes of MHC’s (major histocompatibility complex)

Answer 10

codes for HHC proteins found on cell surface
- Class I MHC protein- found on surface of nucelated cells on the body
- Class II MHC proteins: located on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs)- dendritic cells: macrophages and B cells, display antigens to Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

Question 11

What is a B cell receptor

Answer 11

B cell antigen receptor is Y shared with 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains
each receptor has 3 regions:
- constant region (vary among B cells)
- variable regions differ greatly (provide antigen specificty)
- transmebrane region (anchors receptor into plasma membrane of B cell

Question 12

what is clonal selection

Answer 12

activated B cell proliferates into a clone of cells
differentiate into Ab producing plasma cells and long lived memory cells

Question 13

what is the largest size of immunoglobulin antibodies

Answer 13

• IgG

Question 14

what is IgG’s function?

Answer 14

enhancing phagocytosis, neutralizing toxins and viruses, protects fetus and newborn

Question 15

where is the IgG located?

Answer 15

blood, lymph and intestine

Question 16

what is the function of IgM?

Answer 16

effective against microoganisms, and agglutinating antigens; first antibodies produced in response to initial infection

Question 17

what is the function of IgA?

Answer 17

localized protection on mucosal surfaces

Question 18

what is the function of IgD?

Answer 18

serum function is not known: presence on B cells functions in intiation of immune response

Question 19

What is the function of IgE?

Answer 19

allergic reactions, possibly lysis of parasitic worms

Question 20

agglutination

Answer 20

joining together/clumping of cells

Question 21

neutralization

Answer 21

antigen/antibody reaction that inactivates a bacterial exotoxin or virus

Question 22

Class I MHC proteins

Answer 22

• found on all nucleated cells in the body
• identify “self”
• display peptide antigens to cytotoxic T cells

Question 23

Class II MHC proteins

Answer 23

• located on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs)
• dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
• display antiens to Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells