Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 240 > NUR 240 electrolytes > Flashcards

NUR 240 electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

sodium

A

135-145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

potassium

A

3.5-5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chloride

A

98-106

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

calcium

A

9-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

BUN

A

7-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Creatinine

A

0.6-1.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

albumin

A

3.4-5.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

magnesium

A

1.5-2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phosphorus

A

2.5-4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PaCO2

A

35-45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PaO2

A

80-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HCO3

A

22-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ROME

A

respiratory opposite, metabolic equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Furosemide (lasix) (loop diuretic) and hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide) have what effect on potassium?

A

potassium wasting diuretic

can lead to hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spironolactone has what effect on potassium?

A

potassium sparing diuretic

used to increase the amount of fluid passed from the body in urine, whilst also preventing too much potassium being lost with it

(widely prescribed for hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

serous wound drainage

A

clear watery plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sanguineous

A

bright red blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

serosanguineous

A

pale, pink, watery; mixture of clear and red fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

purulent

A

thick yellowish green, foul odor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of hypertonic solution

A

5% saline
3% saline
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)
5% dextrose in 0.45% saline (D5 1/2 NS)
5% dextrose in LR (D5LR)
10% dextrose in water (D10W)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

use hypertonic solution for

A

cerebral edema
hyponatremia
maintenance fluid
hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are hypErtonic solutions

“Enter the vessel from the cells”

A

more salt in the solution
less water in the solution
the vessels become more concentrated than the cells, water then leaves the cell, cell will shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

types of Isotonic solution

A

0.9% sodium chloride (NS)
5% dextrose in water (D5W)
Lactated ringers (LR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

use isotonic solutions for

A

blood loss
dehydration
fluid maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

normal saline is the ONLY solution that is compatible to use with

A

blood products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are isotonic solutions

“stays where I put it”

A

same osmolality as body fluids (equal water and particle ratio)

28
Q

types of Hypotonic solutions

A

0.45% saline (1/2 NS)
0.33% saline (1/3 NS)
0.225 saline (1/4 NS)
5% dextrose in water (D5W)

29
Q

use hypotonic solutions for

A

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
helps kidneys excrete excess fluid
hypernatremia
hypervolemia

30
Q

what are hypOtonic solutions?

“Out of the vessel, into the cell (cell swells)”

A

less salt
more water
the vessel becomes less concentrated the cell, water enters the cell, cells swell

31
Q

when patient is on hypotonic fluids monitor for

A

fluid volume overload

32
Q

NEVER use hypertonic fluids for

A

increased intracranial pressure, burns, or trauma

33
Q

Causes of Metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting (vomiting sounds like- ALKKKK-alosis)
NGT suction
hypokalemia
low K+= alKaLOWsis
compensation: slow and shallow breaths

34
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis

A

diarrhea- “if it comes out of your ASSidosis”
renal failure - “when the kidneys fall, acid prevails”
diabetic ketoACIDOSIS
lactic acidoSiS
- Shock- low perfusion
- Sepsis- severe infection
compensation: rapid deep respirations

35
Q

hypoventilation

A

low and slow breathing = higher CO2

36
Q

hyperventilation

A

fast breathing = lower CO2

37
Q

respiratory alkalosis (fast RR) causes

A

panic attack
compensation: kidneys excrete less H+ and reabsorb less HCO3

38
Q

Respiratory acidosis causes (low and slow RR)

A

sleep apnea
head trauma “knocked out”
post-operative
drugs (CNS depressants)
- opioid overdose
- alcohol intoxication
- benzodiazepines (Diazepam)
Pneumonia
COPD or asthma attack
compensation: kidneys excrete H+ (acid) and retain HCO3 (base)

39
Q

key manifestations of respiratory alkalosis

A

Key manifestations= low PaO2, Low HCO3

40
Q

key manifestations of respiratory acidosis

A

Key manifestations: mental status changes, high PaCO2, high HCO3

41
Q

the nurse expects which client to be in respiratory acidosis ?

a. Morphine overdose
b. panic attack
c. sleep apnea
d. COPD
e. asthma attack
f. alcohol intoxication

A

a. Morphine overdose

c. sleep apnea
d. COPD
e. asthma attack
f. alcohol intoxication

42
Q

how does the nurse expect the client to show compensation for the following ABG values?

pH= 7.20 PaO2= 82 PaCO2= 37 HCO3= 15

a. decreased RR
b. Increased RR
c. increased renal retention of H+
d. decreased renal excretion of HCO3

A

this is metabolic acidosis

patient will compensation with an increased respiratory rate (b)

43
Q

hyperkalemia s/s

A

MURDER

Muscle cramps and weakness***
Urine abnormalities
Respiratory distress
Decreased cardiac contractility (decreased HR and BP)
ECG changes - tall peaked waves, widened QRS complex)
Reflexes (Increased DTR)

44
Q

Management of hyperkalemia

A

monitor ECG
administer IV calcium glucante and IV sodium bicarb
discontinue IV and PO potassium
K restricted diet

45
Q

hypokalemia s/s

A

thready weak irregular pulse
orthostatic hypotension
shadow respirations
anxiety

46
Q

management of hypokalemia

A

potassium sparing diuretic
liquid potassium chloride

47
Q

administration route for potassium
what do we never do

A

NEVER push potassium!!!!!!!
no IV pus, IM, or subQ

do: dilute iv potassium and administer with an infusion device

48
Q

hyponatremia s/s

A

seizures, nausea, lethargy

49
Q

hypernatremia s/s

A

changes in LOC, agitation, restlessness, edema

50
Q

hypophosphatemia s/s

A

changes in LOC, numbness, weakening of the bones

51
Q

hyperphosphatemia s/s

A

diarrhea, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflex

52
Q

hypocalcemia s/s

A

tetany, positive trousseaus sign, positive chvosteks sign

53
Q

positive chvosteks sign

A
54
Q

positive trousseaus sign

A
55
Q

hypercalcemia s/s

A

bone pain, kidney stones, muscle weakness

56
Q

hypomagnesemia s/s

A

increased everything (BP, HR, RR, DTR)

57
Q

hypermagnesemia s/s

A

decreased everything aka SEDATED ((BP, HR, RR, DTR, energy)

58
Q

calcium and phosphorus relationship

A

inverse
increase Ca+ = decrease PO4

59
Q

magnesium and calcium relationship

A

same
increase in mag = increase in Ca+

60
Q

Potassium and sodium relationship

A

inverse
increase K = decreased in Na

61
Q

osmosis

A

when solute moves from a HIGHER concentration to a LOWER concentration

62
Q

recommended amount of fluids per day

A

2,500 mL/day of fluid.

63
Q

over use of antacids can lead to

A

metabolic alkalosis

64
Q

primary extracellular electrolytes are

A

sodium, chloride and bicarb

65
Q

Which IV solutions would the nurse expect to be ordered for a client who has hypovolemia? Select all that apply.

A

0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
Lactated Ringer’s solution
5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl

66
Q

lab data indicating infection

A

elevated WBC count- norm is 5,000-10,000
increased lymphocytes and neutrophil levels
increase eosinophils= allergic response or parasitic infection
elevated ESR= inflammation is present

NUR 240 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions