NUR 116 LECTURE - Wrap Up Unit 2

Question 1

Interventions for dysphagia

Answer 1

Tuck chin
Sit upright
Cue swallowing
Place food on unaffected side

Question 2

Types of Specimen Collections

Answer 2

Clean catch/midstream
- Wipe 3x, urinate a little, urinate into sterile cup
- Used for collecting urinalysis or culture and sensitivity

24 Hour Urine
- Discard first void, then collect all urine for 24 hours
-Keep cold-on ice or in fridge

Fecal occult blood
- Avoid red meat, beets, broccoli (false positive)
- Indicator turns blue = blood

Question 3

Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief

Answer 3

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 4

Changes d/t aging

Answer 4

*Presbycusis- difficulty hearing “S” “CH” “SH” sounds
*Presbyopia- difficulty seeing near objects
*Pupils-react slower
*Need less sleep
*Need nutrient dense foods and less calories
*Bladder capacity decreases

Question 5

What is GAS?

Answer 5

General Adaptation Syndrome (aka Fight or Flight)
- Increased heart rate
-Increased respiratory rate
- Increased cardiac output
- Bronchioles dilate
- Pupils dilate
- Increased blood glucose

Question 6

Types of Urinary Catheters

Answer 6

Indwelling/Foley - remains in the bladder
Straight - Used to get a specimen, then removed

-All sterile
- Tape indwelling catheter to the leg

Question 7

Urine

Question 8

Diarrhea Risk Factors

Answer 8

-Alcohol
-Caffeinated beverages and foods
-Dairy
- Foods high in fat
- Beverages w/ fructose
- Spicy foods
- Apples, peaches, pears
- Sweeteners (mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol)
- Antibiotics

Question 9

Ethical principles

Answer 9

Autonomy-the nurse’s obligation to respect the client’s right to make their own decisions regarding their health care, including the right to refuse care

Beneficence-the nurse’s obligation to minimize harm and practice in a way that benefits the client-also means going above what is required

Nonmaleficence-the nurse’s obligation to do no harm.
Veracity-the nurse’s obligation to provide truthful and accurate information to the client-Telling the truth

Fidelity- the nurse’s obligation to demonstrate loyalty, to keep promises, and to uphold commitments-Keeping promises or commitments

Justice-the nurse’s obligation to provide treatment, care, and resource allocation that is impartial, fair, and equitable to all clients regardless of age, sex, race, or economic status.

Question 10

Clear and Full Liquids

Answer 10

Clear:
Liquids you can see through (apple juice, coffee and tea w/out milk, jello)

Full liquids:
Everything on the clear liquid list, plus
Foods that are liquid at room temperature (Shakes, pudding, custards, yogurt)

Question 11

Types of Incontinence

Answer 11

Stress incontinence-Coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical activity that increases pressure on the bladder, resulting in urine leakage.

Urge incontinence-A strong need or urge to urinate, but leaking occurs before the client gets to the toilet.

Reflex incontinence-Urinary leakage as a result of nerve damage.

Overflow incontinence-Incomplete bladder emptying that results in the bladder overfilling when full, leading to urine leakage.

Functional incontinence-Physical inability to reach the toilet in time. This may be due to a physical impairment such as being wheelchair bound or having arthritis of the hands, which can hinder the fine motor skills needed to unbutton clothing

Question 12

Abbreviations

Answer 12

• Avoid trailing zeroes e.g. 10.0
• ## Use zeroes before decimals e.g. 0.25

Question 13

Grief

Answer 13

Normal Grief-also known as uncomplicated grief, is caused by the loss of a loved one, through death or the ending of a relationship. Generally lasts several months to a year where feelings typically lessen over time as feelings decrease in intensity

Anticipatory grief-grief that is experienced before the loss of someone or something. This kind of grief arises when a loss is expected

Prolonged grief disorder- previously known as complicated grief, is grief that lasts longer than 6 months and can be so significant that it affects the client’s ability to function

Disenfranchised grief-grief related to a relationship that does not coincide with what is considered by society to be a recognized or justified loss. The loss is considered by society to be one of shame or socially uncomfortable and, therefore, not worthy of grief.

Question 14

Aspiration

Answer 14

Overt aspiration-presents with noticeable symptoms such as sudden cough, wheezing, trouble breathing, congestion, heartburn, throat clearing, or chest discomfort, as the body recognizes a foreign object going into the airway and attempts to clear it

Silent aspiration-has no obvious symptoms (may develop fever, chills)
Patients on tube feedings are still at risk for aspiration-lying patient flat to do care- put the feeding on hold!!!!

Question 15

NG Tubes

Answer 15

Initial placement checked via X-Ray

After placement verified by X-Ray check placement by aspirating stomach contents, check pH

Question 16

Parenteral Nutrition

Answer 16

Nutrition via IV

Prevents malnutrition in clients or, if the client is already malnourished, can help correct it

Provides liquid nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, electrolytes and vitamins

Clients with a digestive system that cannot absorb or tolerate adequate food eaten by mouth can utilize parenteral nutrition