Nukes Flashcards
1
Q
Normal Gallium-67 uptake
A
Liver, bone, lacrimal gland, nasopharynx
2
Q
Gallium-67 half life
A
78 hours
3
Q
Gallium-67 critical organ
A
colon
4
Q
Imaging time point for Gallium-67
A
24 hours
5
Q
Which radiotracer causes increased breast uptake in pregnant/lactating females?
A
Gallium-67
6
Q
Radiotracer uptake in Kaposi sarcoma
A
Ga-67 negative, Tl-201 positive
7
Q
morphine dose
A
.04 mg/kg
8
Q
maximum amount of Mo-99 allowed in Tc-99m
A
.15 microCi Mo-99 per 1 milliCi Tc-99m
9
Q
typical tube voltage in chest XR
A
100 kV
10
Q
1 Becquerel (Bq)
A
1 decay/s (DPS)
11
Q
1 mCi
A
37 MBq
12
Q
t 1/2 Ru-82
A
75 sec
13
Q
t 1/2 18-F
A
110 min
14
Q
t 1/2 Tc-99m
A
6 hours
15
Q
4 production methods of radionuclides
A
- linear accelerator/cyclotron - nuclear reactor (fission) - nuclear reactor (neutron activation) - radionuclide generator
16
Q
Low energy tracers
A
Tc-99m, I-123, Xe-133, Tl-201
17
Q
High energy tracers
A
I-131, F-18
18
Q
t 1/2 I-123
A
13 hr
19
Q
t 1/2 Ga-68
A
68 min
20
Q
Best to worst soft tissue contrast
A
MRI > CT > digital mammography > computed radiography
21
Q
artifact seen in adenomyomatosis
A
comet tail
22
Q
side lobe artifact results from
A
radial expansion of piezoelectric crystals
23
Q
magic angle artifact appears on what kind of sequences
A
short TE
24
Q
HVL definition
A
thickness of material that attenuates xray by 50%
25
skin entrance dose for early transient erythema
2 Gy
26
k-edge of Iodine
33.2 keV
27
transducer type affected by side lobe artifact
linear
28
false positive sestamibi parathyroid scan
thyroid adenoma, thyroid cancer, parathyroid cancer
29
photopeak of Xe-133
81 keV
30
t 1/2 Xe-133
5 days
31
In-111 t 1/2
67 hours
32
stripe sign
normal parenchyma interposed between pleura and perfusion defect (insert picture)
33
major spill \> 1 mCi
I-131
34
major spill \> 10 mCi
- Ga-67 - I-123 - In-111
35
major spill \> 100 mCi
- Tc-99m - Tl-201
36
which brain radiotracers are lipophilic
- Tc99m-exametazime (HMPAO) - Tc99m-bicisate (ECD)
37
Tl-201 critical organ
kidney
38
proximal colon is critical organ for what?
- sestamibi - oral sulfur colloid
39
critical organ for sestamibi
proximal colon
40
uptake in lacrimal glands
- Gallium-67 - MIBG - free Tc (pertechnetate)
41
when are images obtained in Dual Phase parathyroid scan?
10 min & 3 hours
42
liver or splenic uptake on Tc-99m scan
alumina breakthrough
43
frequency of performing linearity and spatial resolution test on phantom
weekly
44
duration of flow phase on DTPA and Mag-3 renal scans
1 minute
45
NRC deep dose equivalent depth
1 cm tissue depth
46
reports for NRC reportable events must be kept for how long?
5 years
47
False low EF on MUGA
inclusion of LA counts
48
False high EF on MUGA
wrong ROI (over spleen)
49
indication for MUGA
estimation of EF during cancer therapy
50
what are cardiotoxic drugs
- doxorubicin (Adriamycin) - mitoxantrone (Novantrone) - cyclophosphamide
51
sealed source leak testing frequency
semi-annual (q 6 mo)
52
normal time to peak for renal cortical of DTPA and Mag-3
\< 5 min
53
best scan for aortic graft infection
In-111 labeled WBC
54
best scan for IBD
In-111 labeled WBC
55
best scan for disciitis/osteomyelitis
Tc-99m MDP + Ga-67
56
best scan for sinus infection
In-111 labeled WBC
57
NRC dose rate limit for unrestricted area
\< 2 mrem/hr
58
how long after administration of In-111 labeled leukocytes is lung uptake normal?
6 hours
59
normal uptake of In-111 labeled leukocytes
spleen, liver (spleen \> liver), bone marrow
60
triple matched defect in lower lung zones PE probability by PIOPED
intermediate
61
triple matched defect in middle/upper lung zones PE probability by PIOPED
low
62
stop breast-feeding prior to administration of which radionuclides?
- Ga-67 - I-131
63
I-131 decays how?
beta emission
64
for gamma camera, extrinsic spatial resolution test uses what kind of source?
flood source
65
for gamma camera, intrinsic spatial resolution test uses what kind of source?
point source
66
what is the difference between gamma camera extrinsic and intrinsic spatial resolution test?
extrinsic - collimator on intrinsic - collimator off
67
sincalide dose
.02 MICROgm/KG over 60 min
68
what is ProstaScint?
monoclonal Ab to PMSA
69
which brain tumors can take up octreoscan?
meningioma astrocytoma medulloblastoma
70
what % of meckel's diverticula have gastric mucosa?
25%
71
which lung cancers are not FDG avid?
- carcinoid - BAC
72
yellow 2 label
\< 50 mrem/hr @ surface, \< 1 mrem/hr @ 1 m
73
white 1 label
- almost no radiation \< 0.5 mrem/hr @ surface
74
yellow 3 label
- high radiation \< 200 mrem/hr @ surface, \< 10 mrem/hr @ 1 m
75
fetal absorbed dose above which cancer risk doubles
25 mGy
76
what is this called and what does it measure?
gamma camera bar phantom
spatial resolution and spatial linearity
77
how often is uniformity checked in PET?
daily
78
what source is used for checking uniformity in PET?
Ge-68 or Na-22
79
Wolff-Chaikoff
exposure to large amt of exogenous iodine (ie contrast) --\> inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis in follicular cells (autoregulatory phenomenon)
80
what is it?
dose calibrator
81
dose calibrator constancy is checked how frequently? using what? response should vary by how much?
- daily
- Cs-137
- \<5%
82
dose calibrator linearity is checked how frequently? using what? over how long?
- quarterly
- Tc-99m
- 72 hours
83
24 hour thyroid uptake in Grave's
40-70%
84
method to measure chemical impurity
colorimetry
85
what is chemical impurity?
Al in Tc-99m MDP
86
what is radiochemical impurity?
free Tc in Tc-99m MDP
87
thin layer chromatography measures what?
radiochemical purity
88
what molecules circulate in Grave's?
TSIs (thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins)
89
TSIs activate which receptors?
thyrotropin
90
% of cold nodules that are malignant
20%
91
reportable event
- whole body dose \> 50 mSv OR organ dose \> 500 mSv
- AND-
- 20% over prescribed dose OR wrong patient OR wrong dose OR wrong route OR wrong pharmaceutical
92
family member allowable dose after I-131 tx
5 mSv
93
registration error between PET and CT
1 mm
94
patient may be released without futher monitoring if less than how much I-131 was administered?
\< 33 MILLICi
95
after \> 33 mCi I-131 tx, radiation dose cannot exceed how much?
.07 mSv per hour @ 1 m from patient's chest
96
White I
\< 0.5 mrem/hr @ surface
97
Yellow II
\< 50 mrem/hr @ surface
\< 1 mrem/hr @ 1 m
98
Yellow III
\< 200 mrem/hr @ surface
\< 10 mrem/hr @ 1 m
99
ionization chamber exposure range
0.1 R/hr - 100 R/hr
100
normal %RAIU of I-131 at 4-6 hr
5-15%
101
normal %RAIU of I-131 at 24 hr
10-30 %
102
radioactive waste with t 1/2 less than how much may be disposed via decay-in-storage?
120 days
103
how frequently are wipe tests performed?
weekly
104
PET/CT effective radiation dose
15 mSv
105
energy window (%) used in gamma camera imaging
20%
106
how long to delay breast feeding after Ga-67
4 weeks
107
DaT scan radiopharmaceutifcal
I-123 Ioflupane
108
size range of MAA particle
10-90 microns
109
Tl-201 t 1/2
73 hours
110
transient ischemic dilation (TID) meaning and significance
- increased LV volume on stress compared to rest
- *_multivessel_* hemodynamically signficant stenosis
111
Sr-89 t 1/2
50.5 days (14 days in bone)
112
Sa-153 t 1/2
46 hours
113
Ra-223 t 1/2
11 days
114
Y-90 t 1/2
64 hours
115
**most** **sensitive** method of epileptogenic focus localization
ictal perfusion SPECT
116
I-131 dose requiring a WRITTEN DIRECTIVE
\> 30 MICROCi
117
I-131 dose requiring education on radiation safety prior to release
\> 7 MILLICi
118
I-131 dose requiring EARLY RELEASE CALCULATIONS prior to release
\> 33 MILLICI
119
how far distal to mass should wire be in breast pre-op localization?
1 cm
120
ambient lighting
25 - 50 lux
121
minimal luminance for NONmammo display
350 cd/m2
122
minimal luminance for mammo display
420 cd/m2
123
time points for Tl-201 imaging
immediate and 24 hours
124
time points for In-111-DTPA-pentetreotide (Octreoscan)
4 and 24 hours
125
how long to stop breastfeeding after I-123
2 days
126
18 hour fast prior to cardiac PET/CT performed for dx of what?
sarcoidosis
127
size of filtered Tc sulfur colloid particles used in lymphoscintigraphy
100 - 220 nm
128
by what time should see flow over cerebral convexities on In-111 DTPA NPH study?
12 hours
129
radiopharmaceutical used for NPH eval
In-111 DTPA
130
radiopharmaceuticals used for shunt patency
In-111 DTPA
Tc-99m DTPA
131
normal % gastric retention @ 1 hour
\< 90% AND \> 30%
132
normal % gastric retention @ 2 hours
\< 60 %
133
normal % gastric retention @ 4 hours
\< 10 %
134
normal particle number for Tc-99m MAA
200-500 k
135
Tc-99m particle number for peds
50-150 k
136
combined Ga-67 + MDP scan: Ga \< MDP In bone
NEGATIVE for osteo
137
combined Ga-67 + MDP scan: Ga \> MDP In bone
POSITIVE for osteo
138
combined Ga-67 + MDP scan: Ga = MDP In bone
equivocal for osteo
139
how many counts should be in MUGA scan?
2-7 million
140
dx
cause
- mucosal diaphragm disease (strictures)
- chronic NSAID use
