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Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

stages of hypoplastic left heart surgery

A
  1. Norwood with Blalock-Taussig shunt or Sano (modification of Norwood) 2. Bi-directional Glenn 3. Fontan
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2
Q

Norwood

A

goal: all systemic flow from RV - neoaorta constructed via side-to-side anastomosis of MPA and hypoplastic aorta - Blalock-Taussig shunt to divert some flow to lungs (systemic-pulmonary shunt)

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3
Q

Blalock-Taussig shunt

A

synthetic graft from Right Subclavian Artery to Right Pulmonary Artery

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4
Q

Sano shunt

A

Right Ventricle –> Right Pulmonary Artery

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5
Q

Bi-directional Glenn

A

SVC –> RPA (bi-directional because RPA left open to allow blood to flow into both lungs

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6
Q

Fontan

A

RA -or- IVC –> PA All blood flow bypasses lungs

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7
Q

MC location for angiosarcoma

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

Normal MV area

A

4-6 cm^2

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9
Q

Moderate MV stenosis

A

1 - 1.5 cm^2

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10
Q

MC locations of cardiac lipomas

A

atrial septum > right atrium > LV

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11
Q

Blalock-Hanlon procedure

A
  • removal of Atrial septum - used in complete Transposition
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12
Q

normal aortic valve area

A

> 2.0 cm^2

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13
Q

signs of high risk plaque on CTA

A
  • stenosis > 50% - positive remodeling - napkin ring sign - spotty calcifications - low attenuation plaque
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14
Q
A

napkin ring sign (high risk plaque)

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15
Q
A

thebesian valve

(@ junction of coronary sinus and RA)

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16
Q

what marks junction of coronary sinus and great cardiac vein?

A

valve of Vieussens

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17
Q

what is remnant of left SVC?

A

ligament of Marshall

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18
Q

what is location of ligament of Marshall?

A

left atrium and left superior pulmonary vein

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19
Q

LV papillary muscles

A

anterior and posterior

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20
Q

coronary artery anomalies are associated with

A
  • Trisomy 18
  • Klinefelter’s
  • Bland-White-Garland
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21
Q

situs inversus incompletus

A

levocardia + right-sided stomach

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22
Q

situs inversus totalis

A

dextrocardia + right-sided stomach

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23
Q

Kartagener’s triad

A
  • sinusitis
  • bronchiectasis
  • situs inversus
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24
Q

papillary muscle rupture time point

A

2-7 days post-MI

25
giant coronary artery aneurysm size in Kawasaki's
8 mm
26
horseshoe lung is associated with what?
scimitar syndrome
27
Heyde syndrome
aortic valve stenosis + colonic angiodysplasia
28
how thick is LV wall in HCM?
\> 15 mm
29
in prospective gating, which component of cardiac cycle triggers image acquisition?
R wave
30
Snowman TAPVR
31
MC location for LV aneurysm
anterior-lateral wall
32
MC location for LV *pseudo*aneurysm
posterior-lateral wall
33
DDx Newborn CHF
- TAPVR (type 3 - infracardiac) - congential aortic or mitral valve stenosis - left hypoplastic heart - cort triatriatum - pre-ductal (infantile) coarctation
34
moderator band
35
what are the 2 papillary muscles of the LV?
- anterolateral - posteromedial
36
which artery supplies the posteromedial papillary muscle?
RCA
37
which arteries supplies the anterolateral papillary muscle?
LCx and LAD
38
right atrial appendage
39
interatrial septum
40
which vein courses with PDA in the posterior IV groove?
middle cardiac vein
41
membranous septum
42
ligament of Marshall
43
ligament of Marshall is anatomically positioned where?
between LA appendage ostium and superior pulmonary vein
44
severely decreased EF
\< 35 %
45
metoprolol acts on which beta receptor
beta-1
46
Bernoulli equation
pressure gradient = 4(vmax^2)
47
severe aortic stenosis pressure gradient
44 mmHg
48
severe aortic stenosis velocity
\> 4.0 m/s
49
severe aortic insufficiency regurgitant volume
60 ml
50
severe aortic insuff regurgitant fraction
\> 50%
51
2 sets of images produced during phase contrast cardiac MR
- magnitude - phase velocity map
52
sinus venosus ASD association
right upper lobe PAPVR
53
unroofed coronary sinus association
left SVC
54
unroofed coronary sinus
55
sinus venosus ASD
56
ideal position of IABP
2-3 cm distal to left subclavian origin
57
SA nodal artery (courses posteriorly)
58
1st branch off RCA and direction/course
conus, courses anteriorly to pulmonary outflow tract
59
crista supraventricularis is also called? located in which cardiac chamber? separates what from what
ventriculoinfundibular fold right ventricle tricuspid from pulmonic valve

Nukes (11 decks)

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