Nudging Mechanisms Examples Flashcards
1
Q
- 15% reduction in paper consumption when replacing the default printer option to “double-sided print”
- Assign random, memorable secure passwords to users
- Present a checklist of symptoms that doctors should consider during diagnosis
A
Facilitate - Default options
2
Q
- Assigning permanent appointments for vaccinations
- Increase password security by automatically enrolling users to the password generation feature
A
Facilitate - Opt-out policies
3
Q
- Placing the most secure wireless network option at the top
- Using color codes to label network’s security
- Arranging items on a retail website by quality -> descending = consumers attribute greater value to the quality -> ascending = consumers attribute greater value to the price
A
Facilitate - Positioning
4
Q
- Snack ordering website promoting healthy choices: unhealthy snacks on the last two pages 53% opt for healthy snack
A
Facilitate - Hiding
5
Q
- Groceries shopping website: for each food item in the shopping card a possible food alternative is suggested. Found a medain of 4 swaps out of 12 foods purchased
- Suggest more secure alternatives to a user-created password
A
Facilitate - Suggesting alternatives
6
Q
- Chrome plugin that holds the publication of a facebook post for 10 seconds to re-examine the content
A
Confront - Throttling mindless activity
7
Q
- Permissions dialog of Google play store that incorporates personalized scenarios that disclose potential risks “this app can delete your photos”
- Facebook plugin that confronts the user when disclosing pictures of children
- Web plugin that reminds you of the users’ audience showing five contacts saying “these people and x more can see this”
A
Confront - Reminding of the consequences
8
Q
- Key holder that nudges users to choose the bike over car by dropping the bike key on the floor when one picks up the car key
- Reading lamp that decreases intensity over time to nudge the user to rethink if it is really needed
- Aureole aroudn query text box which provides feedback through color and size to motivate longer queries
A
Confront - Creating friction
9
Q
- Medical decision support tool that collects patients’ reviews of medicines from social media and presents two different treatments side by side while displaying user reviews, thus instigating a comparative inquiry and avoiding a fixation on a single treatment
- Collecting different points of view for an event and offering an unbiased clustered overview
A
Confront - Providing multiple viewpoints
10
Q
- To increase the preference for fruit over a cookie, the picture of a big and shiny apple was positioned next to a small withered apple. Adding an inerior option increased the importance of the shiny apple
- Motivate the purchase of a laptop by displaying the item next to two other laptops: one of high quality and considerably higher price, and one of lower quality and comparable price
A
Deceive - Adding inferior alternatives
11
Q
- Manipulating the speed of progress bars and reordering tasks’ sequence in a way that the ones demanding lower workload are located in the end
- Altered the sequence of events, varying in mental and physical difficulty, in a computer game, and found increased user enjoyment
- Induced mistakes by the opponents to boost users’ enjoyment of the game at the end of each level
A
Deceive - Biasing the memory of past experiences
12
Q
- A certain game announces an illusory time extension of 7 seconds to give the opportunity to collect more bonuses. Yet, while the player can collect the bonuses when he hits the target, no reward is provided
- Another game delivers a bonus able to potentially boost the player performance by decreasing the speed of incoming obstacles that should be avoided. However, in fact only the background stage slows down and the obstacles uphold the normal speed
A
Deceive - Placebos
13
Q
- Adding a circle adjacent to the target, thus making the target appear larger, leading to a significant improvement in the performance of “point and click” tasks among seniors
- Adjusting the size of bar graphs to make players think they achieved higher scores
A
Deceive - Deceptive visualizations
14
Q
- Offering access to online resources before prompting a request (e.g. contact details)
- Reducing social isolation by prompting users to leave comments on others’ photo galleries. Users will return the action increasing social interaction
A
Social Influence - Invoking feelings of reciprocity
15
Q
- Adding a button located at the top of the assignment webpage saying “I’ve started on this asssignment”
A
Social Influence - Leveraging public commitment
16
Q
- Electronic boards that make one’s real-time speed public
- Toothbrush that gives feedback on the frequency and performance through light so parents can easily monitor their kids
- A smart phone on the underside of the bin’s lid which captures the waste produced by a household and then the photos are automatically shared on facebook
A
Social Influence - Raising the visibility of users’ actions
17
Q
- Displaying the message “98% of other participants fully answered this question” led to a significant increase
- Comparing game players’ performance of similar levels leads to higher game performance
- Visualising your walked distance and that of another user with the same daily step goal
A
Social Influence - Enabling social comparisons
18
Q
- Persuasive messages such as: “There is only one chance a day to reduce snacking. Take that chance today”
- Smartwatch interface that displays one’s physical activity of only the past hour
A
Fear - Make resources scarce
19
Q
- Simulating flooding experiences to encourage buying flood insurance
- Selecting a retirements savings plan: shows predicted outcomes of different retirement plans
A
Fear - Reducing the distance
20
Q
- Smartwatch that buzzes when the user is inactive for prolonged periods
- Plate that weights fod and infers the eating pace through light feedback
- Light feedback when driver deviates from fuel-efficient driving
- Steering wheel that vibrates when aggressive driving conducts are inferred
- Auditorcy icons to support medication adherence
- Pop-up reminders to encourage posture correction
A
Reinforce - Just-in-time prompts
21
Q
- Twinkeling lights to reveal the path to the closest staircase
- Water fountain that emulates a rippling water illusion in the presence of a passerby to motivate water intake
- Interactive sculptures that mimic office workers’ posture to break prolonged sedentary activity
A
Reinforce - Ambient feedback
22
Q
- Energy monitoring system that uses the representation of a living animal to display feedback and engage users in sustainable behaviors. Starts twisting in pain when behaviors deviate from ideal
- Motivate eco-friendly behaviors through enabling users to donate the savings to childhood care and education institutions, depicting information about the receiver, the location and the purpose
A
Reinforce - Instigating empathy
23
Q
- Web-plugin that manipulates the opacity of selected words as people surf on the web
- Flashing certain cues to encourage particular food selections in a virtual kitchen
A
Reinforce - Subliminal priming
