nucleuic acids Flashcards
Define water’s property of cohesion.
The intermolecular forces between water molecules
What does the transport sodium ions do?
Transport of sodium ions across the cell membrane of epithelial cells allows co-transport of glucose and amino acids.
Where do mitochondria accumulate H+ ions?
Intermembrane space
Name at least 3 uses of water:
Good solvent
Good metobolite
Provides structure
regulates body temp
Which type of interaction is the most common in water?
Hydrogen bonding
Which of the following properties of water explains why sweating helps with body temperature regulation?
high heat of vaporisation
Which of these properties of water allows plants to transport water from their roots to their leaves via the transpiration stream?
Cohesive properties
Which inorganic ion is required for oxygen transport in the blood?
Iron
Which of the following inorganic ions is required for the co-transport of glucose across the cell membrane of cells in the intestine?
Sodium
What is a difference in the dna found in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes?
In eukaryotes, DNA is found mainly in the nucleus.
In prokaryotes, the DNA is not enclosed in a membranous envelope.
What process invilving proteins is rna involved in?
RNA is mostly involved in synthesising proteins.
How are ribosomes made?
Ribosomes are formed from RNA and proteins
What is the role of mrna?
DNA never leaves the nucleus so uses mRNA to transfer genetic information to the rest of the cell.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
Dna and Rna
Decribe the structure of a nucleotide found in RNA
A nucleotide found in RNA contains a ribose sugar, a phosphate group and one of the organic bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or (U).
Which of the following organic bases are found in DNA nucleotides but NOT in RNA nucleotides?
thymine
What type of bonds occur between nucleotides to hold a single polynucleotide chain together?
Phophodiester
fill in the gaps:
Base pairing holds the two DNA ___________________ together by __________ bonding. The single polynucleotide chain is held together by _______________ bonds between nucleotides.
Base pairing holds the two DNA polynucleotides together by hydrogen bonding. The single polynucleotide chain is held together by phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
Dna replicaton 1
DNA helicase binds to DNA and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands.
The DNA helix unwinds and the two strands separate.
Dna replicaton 2
Free-floating nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the complementary bases.
Each strand is used as a template to produce complementary strands.
Dna replicaton 3
DNA polymerase forms phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides.
Two new semi-conservative DNA strands are made.
What bond is formed between adjacent nucleotides?
phosphodiester bonds
What did Watson and Crick findz?
In 1953, two scientists called Watson and Crick found that specific base pairing was involved in a way of copying genetic information.
