Eukaryotic cells - Mr M Flashcards
What are the 4 types of eukaryotic cells?
Animals
Fungi
Plants
Protist
Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Series of flattened membranes
Coated with ribosomes
What are the flattened membranes that make up the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum called..?
Cisternae
What is the difference between the SER and RER?
The RER is covered in ribosomes as its function is to make proteins however the SER is not as its functions is to make lipids.
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Structure of the plasma membrane:
What is the plasma membrane made from?
phospholipid bilayer
Structure of the plasma membrane:
What do plasma membranes have embedded in them?
Proteins and cholesterol
Why does the plasma membrane of cells have proteins embedded in them?
These proteins can act as receptors the cell can respond to its external environment
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Structure of the cytoplasm:
What is cytoplasm made up of?
- 70% of the cytoplasm is made up of water.
- The cytoplasm also contains proteins, sugars, ions and fatty acids.
What type of reactions take place in the cytoplasm?
Many metabolic reactions take place in the cytoplasm.
What is the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that separates the inside of the cell from its environment.
Structure of the nuclear envelope:
What are the inner and outer membranes of nuclear envelopes made from?
Phospholipid bilayers.
Function of the nuclear envelope:
What do the pores in the nuclear envelope do?
The pores in the nuclear envelope control the passage of ions, molecules and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
Structure of the nucleus:
What is the nucleoplasm?
semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus,
Structure of the nucleus:
Where do we find chromatin and the nucleolus?
Within the nucleoplasm
What does RNA join with to form ribosomes?
Proteins
Function of mitochondria:
What do mitochondria make via aerobic respiration?
Mitochondria make ATP via aerobic respiration.
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells.
Why do muscles have a high concentration of mitochondria?
Muscle cells have a very high concentration of mitochondria because they are highly active and need a lot of energy to keep the body moving.
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Where aren’t chloroplast found?
They are found in plant and algal cells but not in animal or fungal cells.
Describe the Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened membranous sacs.
Function of Golgi apparatus
modifies and packages proteins
Where do transport vesicles form?
vesicles are made in the golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum
What is the role of transport vesicles?
to transport proteins and lipids into Golgi apparatus to be modified and packaged.
What happens to proteins when they travel through the golgi?
As the proteins and lipids travel through the Golgi, they are sorted, packaged and tagged so that they can be sent to the right place.
what do we find in the nucleoplasm ?
chromatin and the nucleolus.
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