Nucleotides, ATP and protein synthesis

Question 1

Define what a nucleic acid is

Answer 1

Biochemical molecules involved in the transmission of inherited information .

Question 2

What are the two main types of nucleic acids involved in inheritance ?

Answer 2

DNA and RNA

Question 3

What does DNA mean ?

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

What does RNA mean ?

Answer 4

Ribionucleic acid

Question 5

What are nucleotides ?

Answer 5

The basic unit of a nucleic acid monomer

Question 6

What are polymers made up of ?

Answer 6

Many units of nucleotides

Question 7

What makes up a nucleotide ?

Answer 7

A phosphate group , a sugar, a base

Question 8

How many possible sugars could there be in a nucleotide ?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

Name the two sugars that can be in a nucleotide

Answer 9

Ribose and deoxyribose

Question 10

How many bases could there be in a nucleotide ?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

Name the 5 bases that could be in a nucleotide ?

Answer 11

Adenine , Guanine , Cytosine ,Thymine and Uracil

Question 12

Which base is only found in RNA ?

Answer 12

Uracil as it replaces Thymine

Question 13

What are the two main bases ?

Answer 13

Purines and Pyramidines

Question 14

Which bases are in Purines ?

Answer 14

Adenine and Guanine

Question 15

Which bases are Pyramidines

Answer 15

Cytosine , Thymine and Uracil

Question 16

Which base is double ringed ?

Answer 16

Purines

Question 17

Which base is single ringed ?

Answer 17

Pyramidines

Question 18

Are purines or pyramidines bigger ?

Answer 18

Purines

Question 19

What reaction is it that forms a sugar into a nucleotide ?

Answer 19

a condensation reaction

Question 20

What reaction turns a nucleotide back into a sugar ?

Answer 20

Hydrolysis

Question 21

When is water given off in the formation of a nucleotide ?

Answer 21

When the phosphate group ad the base join

Question 22

What bond is formed when a nucleotide is turned into a dinucleotide ?

Answer 22

Phosphodiester bond

Question 23

Where does the link form in a dinucleotide ?

Answer 23

Between the the phophate group of one nucleotide and the sugar group of another

Question 24

How many bonds to g and c have between them ?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

How many bonds to a and t have between them ?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

What are the three types of RNA ?

Answer 26

rRNA , tRNA and mRNA

Question 27

What is rRNA used for ?

Answer 27

Structural component of ribosome

Question 28

What is tRNA used for ?

Answer 28

Transports amino acids to ribosomes

Question 29

What is mRNA used for ?

Answer 29

Transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

Question 30

Which is double stranded ?

Answer 30

DNA

Question 31

Which is single stranded ?

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

What are the 3 main uses for energy in cells ?

Answer 32

synthesis ,transport and movement

Question 33

What is ATP made of ?

Answer 33

Ribose , adenine , and 3 phosphate groups

Question 34

what is it called when there is only one phosphate group involved in energy ?

Answer 34

adenosine monophosphate AMP

Question 35

what is it called when there is two phosphate groups involved in energy ?

Answer 35

adenosine diphosphate

Question 36

what is it called when there is three phosphate groups involved in energy ?

Answer 36

adenosine triphosphate

Question 37

How do you create energy from ATP ?

Answer 37

You break down the ATP into ADP and a phosphate ion and this releases a large amount of energy

Question 38

What does the reaction involve of forming ADP from ATP

Answer 38

It is a hydrolysis reaction so needs water

Question 39

What is needed to break the bonds holding the phosphate group in ATP ?

Answer 39

You need a bit of energy from respiration to break the binds however more is released when it is broken

Question 40

What reaction takes place to form ADP into ATP ?

Answer 40

It is a condensation reaction so water is removed

Question 41

Why is it that being small is a useful property of ATP ?

Answer 41

It can easily move in and out of cells and within them

Question 42

Why is that being water soluble is a useful property of ATP ?

Answer 42

Aqueous environments require energy to do certain processes

Question 43

Why is it that containing bonds between phosphates with immediate energy is a useful property of ATP ?

Answer 43

The energy created by this is large enough to be used for cellular reactions but it is not so big that the energy is wasted

Question 44

why is it that releasing energy in small quantities is a useful property of ATP ?

Answer 44

The energy created is enough for most cellular needs so energy is not being wasted

Question 45

Why is it that being easily regenerated is a useful property of ATP ?

Answer 45

It means that it can easily from again to create more energy

Question 46

What does it mean that dna replication is degenerate ?

Answer 46

Two new strands are created from one old strand of dna so half the new dna is made from old dna.

Question 47

What does DNA helicase do ?

Answer 47

It separates two strands of dna is replication

Question 48

What does DNA polymerase do in replication ?

Answer 48

Nucleotides are fused together using it.

Question 49

How is DNA a degenerate code ?

Answer 49

Many different assortments of triplet codons and nucleotides can make the same amino acid.