carbohydrates

Question 1

what atoms make up carbohydrates ?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

name the three types of monosaccharides

Answer 2

glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 3

how many carbons are in glucose?

Answer 3

6

Question 4

what kind of monosaccharide is glucose?

Answer 4

hexoe

Question 5

what is an isomer ?

Answer 5

molecules that have the same molecular formula but have a different arrangement in space

Question 6

what are the twp types of glucose ?

Answer 6

alpha glucose and beta glucose

Question 7

how many carbons does ribose have ?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

what kind of monosaccharide is ribose ?

Answer 8

pentose

Question 9

what is the reaction where water is lost?

Answer 9

condensation reaction

Question 10

what is lost when two monosaccharides join to make a disaccharide ?

Answer 10

h2o

Question 11

what do you do to turn a disaccharide back to a monosaccharide ?

Answer 11

hydrolise it ( add water)

Question 12

what are the three polysaccharides ?

Answer 12

cellulose, starch and glycogen

Question 13

what is starch used for ?

Answer 13

the main storage in plants

Question 14

what is glycogen used for ?

Answer 14

main storage in animal and fungus cells

Question 15

what is cellulose used for ?

Answer 15

structure for cells in plants

Question 16

what are the two types of starch ?

Answer 16

amylose and amylopectin

Question 17

what is the structure of amylose ?

Answer 17

helix shape

Question 18

what is the structure of amylopectin ?

Answer 18

branched due to linking between chains after every 25 molecule of glucose

Question 19

what is the function of amylose’s structure ?

Answer 19

the helix means it is packed in tight therefore a good storage molecule

Question 20

what is the function of amylopectin’s structure ?

Answer 20

branched ends means the molecules protude so hydrolysed easily therefore allows rapid release of glucose so it useful to provide energy via respiration

Question 21

what is the structure of glycogen ?

Answer 21

many more branches and shorter branches than amylopectin . more compact

Question 22

what is the function of glycogens structure ?

Answer 22

structure allows faster hydrolysis than starch . this is important because mammals will need emergency glucose quicker than plants.

Question 23

what is the structure of cellulose ?

Answer 23

long unbranched chains that are then linked together by hydrogen binds

Question 24

why are the hydrogen bonds in cellulose good ?

Answer 24

the hydrogen bonds mean there is strong microfibrils that provide good tensile strength

Question 25

what is the function of the structure of cellulose ?

Answer 25

the hydrogen bonds cause good mechanical strength that provides the structure needed for cell walls

Question 26

which type of glucose is in starch ?

Answer 26

alpha glucose

Question 27

which type of glucose is in cellulose ?

Answer 27

beta glucose

Question 28

name the three disaccharides

Answer 28

maltose, sucrose and lactose

Question 29

what is maltose made from ?

Answer 29

two alpha glucose

Question 30

what is sucrose made from ?

Answer 30

fructose and glucose

Question 31

what is lactose made from ?

Answer 31

galactose and glucose