carbohydrates Flashcards
what atoms make up carbohydrates ?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
name the three types of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose and galactose
how many carbons are in glucose?
6
what kind of monosaccharide is glucose?
hexoe
what is an isomer ?
molecules that have the same molecular formula but have a different arrangement in space
what are the twp types of glucose ?
alpha glucose and beta glucose
how many carbons does ribose have ?
5
what kind of monosaccharide is ribose ?
pentose
what is the reaction where water is lost?
condensation reaction
what is lost when two monosaccharides join to make a disaccharide ?
h2o
what do you do to turn a disaccharide back to a monosaccharide ?
hydrolise it ( add water)
what are the three polysaccharides ?
cellulose, starch and glycogen
what is starch used for ?
the main storage in plants
what is glycogen used for ?
main storage in animal and fungus cells
what is cellulose used for ?
structure for cells in plants
what are the two types of starch ?
amylose and amylopectin
what is the structure of amylose ?
helix shape
what is the structure of amylopectin ?
branched due to linking between chains after every 25 molecule of glucose
what is the function of amylose’s structure ?
the helix means it is packed in tight therefore a good storage molecule
what is the function of amylopectin’s structure ?
branched ends means the molecules protude so hydrolysed easily therefore allows rapid release of glucose so it useful to provide energy via respiration
what is the structure of glycogen ?
many more branches and shorter branches than amylopectin . more compact
what is the function of glycogens structure ?
structure allows faster hydrolysis than starch . this is important because mammals will need emergency glucose quicker than plants.
what is the structure of cellulose ?
long unbranched chains that are then linked together by hydrogen binds
why are the hydrogen bonds in cellulose good ?
the hydrogen bonds mean there is strong microfibrils that provide good tensile strength
