Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (German) week 1 Flashcards
Nucleotide structure components
-pentose ring
-purine or pyrimidine base
-one to three phosphates
NO PHOSPHATE is a nucleoside
Nucleic acid stucture
nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds
3 important properties of NAs
Information transfer
energy transfer
signal transductions
Purines
two ring structure
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines
one ring structure
purine, thymine(DNA) and uracil(RNA)
Key differences of DNA and RNA
- # 2 carbon in RNA has hydroxy group
- RNA is more reactive
- Thymine vs Uracil
- DNA confined to nucleus
- RNA found throughout the cell
Nucleic Acid Complex structures
- Primary: just the nucleotides with linked by phosphodiester bonds
- Secondary: H bonds between the antiparallel strands with purine bonding with pyrimidine and hairpin loops
- Tertiary: the double helix with the major and minor groove (A(tight), B(loose), and Z (very loose) forms)
- Quaternary: when DNA is wrapped in histones
4 types of RNA
- rRNA
- mRNA
- tRNA
- siRNA, shRNA, aRNA
rRNA
RNA that forms the structural and functional backbone of ribosome
tRNA
RNA adapter molecules tethered to AAs that interact with mRNA to form polypeptides
mRNA
DNA transcript that encodes proteins for production
Regulatory RNAs (aRNA, shRNA, siRNA)
A large class of RNA that regulates translation, signaling transduction
RNA primary structure
- single stranded for the most part
- formed from DNA transcription by RNA Pol
- Mirror of the DNA template sequence or same as non-template strand
Nucleotides are energy rich substrates and Coenzymes. How?
- electron rich
- contain phosphate group high in free energy
- phosphate hydrolysis moves electrons to perform work
- ATP
- NAD+
Nucleotides as signaling molecules. How?
cAMP and cGMP
