Enzymatic inhibition and Chemical Rxns week 5 test 2

Question 1

competitive inhibition

Answer 1

inhibitor competes with substrate
Km moves to right
Vmax is unchanged

Question 2

uncompetitive inhibition

Answer 2

inhibitor binds to enzyme substrate complex, but not enzyme alone
Km moves to the left
Vmax moves to down or is reduced

Question 3

noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 3

inhibitor binds the enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complex
*slows or stops enzymatic process, substrate binding not affect
Km does not change
Vmax reduces

Question 4

mix inhibition

Answer 4

inhibitor binds enzyme alone or enzyme substrate
**affects substrate binding and enzyme function
Km moves right
Vmax is reduced

Question 5

tips to remembering the inhibitors

Answer 5

all of them reduce Vmax other than competitive
then remember the Km values and it is easy
Un is to the left
non is unchanged
mixed is to the right

Question 6

what does free energy to?

Answer 6

performs work

Question 7

chemical rxn

Answer 7

changes in molecular structure performed through work

Question 8

if you have a negative delta G then what direction does the rxn go?

Answer 8

forward

Question 9

is you have a positive delta G then what direction does the rxn go?

Answer 9

backwards or reverse same thing

Question 10

what are the five types of biochemical rxns

Answer 10

1. making and breaking carbon bonds
2. Molecular RAR
3. Free radical Rxns
4. Group transfers (most abundant)
5. REDOX

Question 11

two types of making and breaking carbon bonds

Answer 11

Condensation-two molecules join to create a larger molecule while forming a small molecule byproduct
Carboxylation/decarboxylation-the addition or removal or a carboxyl group

Question 12

What is a free radical

Answer 12

a molecule containing an unpaired electron
superoxide dismutase removes free radicals from cells
Dopamine Quinone formation leads to production of free radicals
Vitamin E is an antioxidant

Question 13

Five common group transfers and their

Answer 13

Phosphorylation
Ubiquitination
Acetylation
Methylation
Hydroxylation

Question 14

enzyme for phosphorylation

Answer 14

kinase

ATP

Question 15

enzyme for ubiquitination

Answer 15

ubiquintin lingase

Question 16

enzyme for actelyation

Answer 16

acetyltransferase

Question 17

enzyme for methylation

Answer 17

methyltransferase

Question 18

enzyme for hydroxylation

Answer 18

hyroxylase

Question 19

Why is magnesium important for ATP

Answer 19

stabilizes that ATP in an aqueous solution

Question 20

What is the most common source of energy for group transfer rxns

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

At high ATP:ADP concentration what happens

Answer 21

you get more energy from breaking the phosphate bond than if you had a lower concentration of ATP to ADP

Question 22

How much energy is the lowest amount of energy you can get from breaking 1 phosphate bond on ATP

Answer 22

-30.5 kj/mol

Question 23

Does ATP provide energy by group transfer or hydrolysis mostly?

Answer 23

Via group transfer because this allows for use of energy further down the road in the rxns.

Question 24

Phosphate transfer can also drive signal transduction true or false?

Answer 24

True vic cAMP

Question 25

REDOX Rxns (movement of electrons)
reduction vs. oxidation

Answer 25

reduction requires energy and oxidation releases energy

Question 26

what are four ways to transfer electrons

Answer 26

direct electron transfer
hydrogen atom transfer
hydride ions
combination with oxygen

Question 27

why are REDOX rxns so important to biological systems

Answer 27

by breaking down larger molecules, electrons are then transferred to be used as an energy source via gradients in the ETC for produce ATP.