Enzymatic inhibition and Chemical Rxns week 5 test 2 Flashcards
competitive inhibition
inhibitor competes with substrate
Km moves to right
Vmax is unchanged
uncompetitive inhibition
inhibitor binds to enzyme substrate complex, but not enzyme alone
Km moves to the left
Vmax moves to down or is reduced
noncompetitive inhibition
inhibitor binds the enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complex
*slows or stops enzymatic process, substrate binding not affect
Km does not change
Vmax reduces
mix inhibition
inhibitor binds enzyme alone or enzyme substrate
**affects substrate binding and enzyme function
Km moves right
Vmax is reduced
tips to remembering the inhibitors
all of them reduce Vmax other than competitive
then remember the Km values and it is easy
Un is to the left
non is unchanged
mixed is to the right
what does free energy to?
performs work
chemical rxn
changes in molecular structure performed through work
if you have a negative delta G then what direction does the rxn go?
forward
is you have a positive delta G then what direction does the rxn go?
backwards or reverse same thing
what are the five types of biochemical rxns
- making and breaking carbon bonds
- Molecular RAR
- Free radical Rxns
- Group transfers (most abundant)
- REDOX
two types of making and breaking carbon bonds
Condensation-two molecules join to create a larger molecule while forming a small molecule byproduct
Carboxylation/decarboxylation-the addition or removal or a carboxyl group
What is a free radical
a molecule containing an unpaired electron
superoxide dismutase removes free radicals from cells
Dopamine Quinone formation leads to production of free radicals
Vitamin E is an antioxidant
Five common group transfers and their
Phosphorylation Ubiquitination Acetylation Methylation Hydroxylation
enzyme for phosphorylation
kinase
ATP
enzyme for ubiquitination
ubiquintin lingase
enzyme for actelyation
acetyltransferase
enzyme for methylation
methyltransferase
enzyme for hydroxylation
hyroxylase
Why is magnesium important for ATP
stabilizes that ATP in an aqueous solution
What is the most common source of energy for group transfer rxns
ATP
At high ATP:ADP concentration what happens
you get more energy from breaking the phosphate bond than if you had a lower concentration of ATP to ADP
How much energy is the lowest amount of energy you can get from breaking 1 phosphate bond on ATP
-30.5 kj/mol
Does ATP provide energy by group transfer or hydrolysis mostly?
Via group transfer because this allows for use of energy further down the road in the rxns.
Phosphate transfer can also drive signal transduction true or false?
True vic cAMP
REDOX Rxns (movement of electrons) reduction vs. oxidation
reduction requires energy and oxidation releases energy
what are four ways to transfer electrons
direct electron transfer
hydrogen atom transfer
hydride ions
combination with oxygen
why are REDOX rxns so important to biological systems
by breaking down larger molecules, electrons are then transferred to be used as an energy source via gradients in the ETC for produce ATP.
