Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What are the main components of a DNA nucleotide
A deoxyribose sugar with hydrogen
A phosphate group
One of nitrogenous bases e.g adenine thymine guanine cytosine
What are the main components of an RNA nucleotide
Ribose sugar with hydroxyl group
Phosphate group
One of 4 bases from adenine cytosine guanine or URACIL
Why is RNA more susceptible to hydrolysis
As it has a 2’ hydroxyl group
What bases are purines?
Adenine
Guanine
What bases are pyrimidines
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
What is a purine?
A base with a double ring structure
What is a pyrimidine
A base with a single ring structure
How is RNA different to DNA?
RNA has a ribose sugar with a carboxyl group and could have a uracil base
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar and has a hydrogen and could have a thymine base
What reactions are nucleotides joined together?
By a condensation reaction
Where does a condensation reaction link two nucleotides together
By the phosphate group of the nucleotide and the Penrose sugar of the other nucleotide
What bond forms from a condensation reaction between two nucleotides
Phosphodiesta bond
What does a phosphodiesta bond consist of
A phosphate group and 2 ester bonds
What is the sugar phosphate backbone
Chain of Alternating phosphate groups and Pentose sugars
What do organisms need energy for
Anabolic reactions (building larger molecules from smaller ones)
Moving substances across cell membrane
How can the number of phosphate groups change ATP?
1 phosphate group = AMP
2 phosphate group = ADP
3 phosphate groups = ATP
